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作 者 ：张晓平,李文凤,梁爱珍,申 艳,方华军,Craig F. Drury,杨学明.

期 刊 ：中国生态农业学报 2008年 16卷 4期 页码：858-864

关键词：玉米连作；玉米-大豆轮作；产量；经济效益；免耕；常规耕作；黑土；

Keywords:Continuous cropping of corn, Corn-soybean rotation, Yield, Profitability, No-tillage, Conventional tillage, Black soil,

摘 要 ：为探索免耕与常规耕作下玉米和大豆的产量和经济效益，2001年秋开始在吉林省德惠市中层黑土上进行免耕、秋翻和垄作耕作方式下的不同轮作试验。试验结果表明：免耕玉米和大豆的田间作业次数比垄作、秋翻的作业次数分别减少3～6次。不同耕作方式对玉米产量的影响直到2006年才逐渐显现出来，垄作玉米年均产量最高，为10 136 kg·hm^-2，比产量最低的免耕玉米连作高12.3%，但几种耕作方式间玉米和大豆年均产量均无显著差异。按农业生产成本排序，玉米为秋翻＞免耕＞垄作，大豆为秋翻＞垄作＞免耕。按经济效益排序，玉米为垄作轮作＞免耕轮作＞秋翻轮作＞免耕连作＞秋翻连作，大豆为免耕轮作＞垄作轮作＞秋翻轮作。除玉米连作外，免耕不会降低作物产量，其中免耕玉米-大豆轮作可获得与常规耕作相当的玉米产量和较高的大豆产量。从生产成本和经济效益来看，免耕处理在人工和农机上的生产费用比其他处理少，且免耕轮作的经济效益明显大于秋翻，但长期效果如何还有待于进一步的试验和观测。

Abstract:The effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage on yield and economic benefit of corn and soybean was studied to provide practical information for promoting conservation tillage in Northeast China. The experiment was established in Dehui County, Jilin Province, in the fall of 2001. We compared continuous corn, corn-soybean rotation and corn-corn-soybean cropping systems under different tillage treatments—no-tillage (NT), fall plough (FP) and ridge tillage (RT). The results show that under NT, the number of field operations for corn and soybean is 3~6 times less than under RT and FP respectively. The effect of different tillage treatments on corn yield is insignificant before 2006. Corn yield in RT is highest (10 136 kg·hm^-2), 12.3% higher than continuous corn under NT. However, differences in corn and soybean yield under different tillage treatments are insignificant. Production cost decreases in the following order: FP＞NT＞RT for corn and FP＞RT＞NT for soybean. The profitability of corn differs in the following order: RT＞NT＞FP (for continuous corn), RT＞NT＞FP (for corn-soybean rotation) and NT＞RT＞FP (for corn-corn-soybean system). The 5-year study shows, with the exception of continuous corn, that conservation tillage does not lead to a decrease in crop yield. The rotation of corn and soybean in NT treatment gives approximately equal corn yield and even higher soybean yield compared to FP and RT treatments. Under NT, cost of labor and machinery drops, hence profitability surpasses that of FP. In conclusion, we recommend further studies on long-term effect of these cropping systems.

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