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菌物学报
jwxt@im.ac.cn 22 June 2016, 35(6): 651‐656
Http://journals.im.ac.cn Mycosystema ISSN1672‐6472 CN11‐5180/Q
Tel: +86‐10‐64807521 Copyright © 2016 Institute of Microbiology, CAS. All rights reserved.
研究论文 Research paper DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.150287
*Corresponding author. E‐mail: vasilyeva@biosoil.ru
Received: 2015‐11‐09, accepted: 2015‐12‐01
Some pyrenomycetous fungi on Acer spp. in northeastern Asia
VASILYEVA Larissa1 MA Hai‐Xia2 STEPHENSON Steven3
1Institute of Biology & Soil Science, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
2Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101,
China
3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
Abstract: Some pyrenomycetous fungi found on Acer spp. in northeastern Asia are discussed. One of these (Eutypella
albomaculata) is described as a species new to science.
Key words: Acer spp., biogeography, Eutypella, Leucodiaporthe, Phaeodiaporthe, taxonomy, new species
东北亚地区几种生长自槭树属上的核菌
VASILYEVA Larissa1 马海霞 2 STEPHENSON Steven3
1俄罗斯科学院远东分院生物与土壤科学研究所 俄罗斯 海参崴 690022
2中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 海南 海口 571101
3阿肯色大学费耶特维尔分校生物科学系 美国 阿肯色州 72701
摘 要：报道了采自东北亚地区的长自槭树属上几种核菌。文中对几种核菌进行了详细的形态描述，提供了显微结构图
及与相近种的讨论。其中 Eutypella albomaculata作为新种被描述。
关键词：槭树属，生物地理学，聚壳座属，白间座壳属，暗间座壳属，分类，新种
INTRODUCTION
Northeastern Asia is rather poorly investigated
with respect to pyrenomycetous fungi thus far.
Despite the fact that some knowledge relating to
this group is available in the monograph by Vasilyeva
(1998), devoted to the Russian Far East, additional
species have been discovered in recent years, both
in northeastern Asia and adjacent portions of
northeastern China, as well as in the Korean
Peninsula and northern Japan.
The peculiar species composition of
pyrenomycetous fungi in the region around the Sea
of Japan corresponds closely to that of many species
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of vascular plants. However, strangely enough, the
fungi restricted to the region usually do not follow
the host plants displaying the same biogeographical
pattern. Very often, these fungi are related to
common substrates widely distributed in the
northern hemisphere, for example, Cryptosphaeria
venusta Lar.N. Vassiljeva, which occurs on Betula
spp., was only found in southeastern Russia,
northeastern China and Japan, whereas C. exornata
Lar.N. Vassiljeva is found on Fraxinus spp. only in the
same region of Russia and northeastern China. The
search for Loranitschkia viticola Lar.N. Vassiljeva on
Vitis spp. was ineffective everywhere except for
northeastern Asia (Vasilyeva et al. 2009; Vasilyeva &
Ma 2013). Many other examples could be
mentioned, and such observations do not support
the widely accepted notions that the distribution of
many groups of fungi is determined mostly by the
availability of suitable substrates.
The fungi in different groups might follow their
own historical manner of distribution, and the
comparison of species complexes on the same host
plants in different parts of the world might be a
perspective method for inferring their histories. In
this paper, we discuss some of the species found on
Acer spp. in northeastern Asia, mostly on Acer
pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Kom., which is restricted
to the region around the Sea of Japan.
1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fresh material of the fungi discussed herein was
collected in different portions of southeastern
Russian, northeastern China and occasionally in
Japan and Korea. Most of the specimens are kept in
the Herbarium of the Institute of Biology and Soil
Science, Vladivostok (VLA), but several of them are
deposited in the Fungarium of the Chinese Academy
of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (FCATAS).
Photographs of ascomata were obtained using a
Nikon D40x digital camera; photographs of
ascospores were taken by using a Leica DM 4500B
microscope.
2 TAXONOMY
Eutypella albomaculata Lar.N. Vassiljeva, H.X. Ma &
S.L. Stephenson, sp. nov. Fig. 1, Fig. 4A
MycoBank MB 814221
Stromata rounded or slightly irregular
1.5–2.5mm diam. but often confluent in larger
aggregations, erumpent with a cluster of elongated
perithecial beaks having stellate ostioles at their
tops and surrounding by black stromatic tissue,
irregularly covered by small whitish or yellowish
spots, within the substratum surrounded by a
blackened zone; perithecia spherical, 400–500µm
diam. Asci clavate or broadly cylindric, eight‐spored,
35–45×4.5–5.5(6)µm, apical annulus refractive.
Ascospores usually biseriate, one‐celled, almost
straight or slightly allantoid, brownish,
8–10×2–2.5µm.
Etymology: Refers to small whitish or yellowish
spots irregularly covering the stromatic tissue
between erumpent perithecial beaks.
Type: China, Jilin Province, Changbaishan
Nature Reserve, on dead branches of Acer
pseudosieboldianum, 28 August 2013, L. Vasilyeva
(FCATAS 304, holotype).
Other specimens examined: Russia, Amur
Region, Khingansky Nature Reserve, 20 June 1988,
on Acer pseudosieboldianum, L. Vasilyeva (VLA
P‐2359); Primorsky Territory, vicinity of Vladivostok,
2 September 2008, on A. pseudosieboldianum, L.
Vasilyeva (VLA P‐2921).
VASILYEVA Larissa et al. / Some pyrenomycetous fungi on Acer spp. in northeastern Asia
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Fig. 1 Stromata of Eutypella albomaculata. Bar=1.7mm.
This species is similar to Eutypella grandis
(Nitschke) Sacc. in having rather dark, brownish, and
almost straight ascospores, but the latter is known
only from the type locality in Europe (northern Italy)
and differs in having wider ascospores (3–3.2µm
versus 2–2.5µm in E. albomaculata).
Leucodiaporthe acerina M.E. Barr & Lar.N. Vassiljeva,
Mycologia 99: 855, 2007. Fig. 2
Stromata rounded, pulvinate, erumpent with a
pale yellow, ectostromatic disk 1.5–2mm diam.,
within the substratum surrounded by a blackened
zone; perithecia spherical, 350–400µm diam., beak
black, contrasting with the ectostromatic disk and
sometimes projecting slightly beyond the stromatic
disk. Asci clavate or broadly cylindrical, eight‐spored,
110–130×20–24µm, apical annulus refractive.
Ascospores biseriate or overlapping uniseriate,
fusoid or ellipsoid, 20–24×9–11µm, 2‐celled,
although occasionally appearing pseudomuriform
due to the presence of numerous guttules,
constricted at the septum, hyaline, without
appendages but sometimes surrounded by a
gelatinous coating.
Fig. 2 Stromata of Leucodiaporthe acerina. Bar=2mm.
This species was described on the basis of
material from south‐eastern Russia and Korea
(Vasilyeva et al. 2007), but since then it was found
on Acer pseudosieboldianum in the Changbaishan
Nature Reserve (Jilin Province, northeastern China)
in 2014.
Phaeodiaporthe appendiculata (G.H. Otth) Lar.N.
Vassiljeva, Pyrenomycetes of the Russian Far East, 2.
Valsaceae (Vladivostok): 29. 1994. Fig. 3, Fig. 4B
Stromata rounded, slightly pulvinate, erumpent
with a brownish ectostromatic disc 1–2mm diam.
and darker, almost black, ostioles at the surface of
the disc, within the substratum surrounded by a
blackened zone; perithecia spherical, 400–500µm
diam., each also surrounded by a black zone within
lighter entostromatic tissue. Asci clavate or broadly
cylindric, eight‐spored, 280–300×16–18µm, apical
annulus refractive. Ascospores biseriate or
overlapping uniseriate, ellipsoid, constricted at the
septum, brown, 30–35×(12–)13.2–16.5µm, with
hyaline globose appendages 5–7µm diam.
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Specimens examined: China, Jilin Province,
Changbaishan Nature Reserve, on dead branches of
Acer pseudosieboldianum, 26 August 2014, L.
Vasilyeva (VLA P‐2920); Russia, Primorsky Territory,
vicinity of Vladivostok, on A. pseudosieboldiabum,
11 October 1991, L. Vasilyeva (VLA P‐1962); vicinity
of Tigrovoye, on A. pseudosieboldianum, 1 October
1993, L. Vasilyeva (VLA P‐2884).
The specimens from northeastern Asia are
listed here because Voglmayr & Jaklitsch (2014),
although they acknowledged the combination
Phaeodiaporthe appendiculata proposed by
Vasilyeva (1994) for this species, indicated a
distribution restricted to Europe.
Fig. 3 Stromata of Phaeodiaporthe appendiculata. Bar=1.5mm.
Fig. 4 Asci and ascospores. A: Eutypella albomaculata; B:
Phaeodiaporthe appendiculatum. Bars: A=6.5µm, B=11µm.
3 DISCUSSION
Three of the species discussed herein are
restricted to particular host plants and two of them
to a certain region (i.e., they are unique taxonomic
entities both ecologically and biogeographically).
Their occurrence in the countries around the Sea of
Japan provides additional evidence for the existence
of a specific center of fungal biodiversity in this part
of the world (Vasilyeva et al. 2013). It is well known
that “the geographic distribution of organisms
provides another way of checking the reliability of
systematic results” (Hennig 1966: 148), and “the
systematics of some groups of fungi are better
understood if biogeographic approaches are used”
(Lichtwardt 1995).
Mycology has been dominated far too long by
the notion that extremely wide areas are occupied
by particular species of fungi, and has led to such
statements as “where favorable conditions occur,
there the fungus is likely to be found” and
“substratum is one of the most obvious
determinants of distribution and must be the
primary factor in world distribution of fungi” (Park
1968). In the general sense, these statements might
be true, but the “favorable conditions” and “suitable
substrates” in different parts of the world can
support quite assemblages of species.
A certain regularity in the overall distribution
patterns of pyrenomycetous fungi might be traced
through a latitudinal gradient that extends from
arctic to tropical regions. In the arctic (and partly
subarctic) areas–near the Arctic Circle–there are
mostly circumpolar species (Lind 1934; Chlebicki
2002). Towards the south, the limitations and
disjunctions associated with different geographical
VASILYEVA Larissa et al. / Some pyrenomycetous fungi on Acer spp. in northeastern Asia
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regions increase, for example, disjunctive regions in
northeastern Asia and eastern North America (the
“Asa Grey disjunction”) are located approximately
between 35° and 45° N latitude, and one cannot
hope to find the species from these regions at either
higher or lower latitudes. It should be noted that the
main body of Europe is located above this latitudinal
range. As such, this might partly explain the absence
in Europe of many pyrenomycetous species that are
characteristic of northeastern Asia and eastern
North America (the search for these species could be
carried out only in Balkan and Italian Peninsulas,
although there is no guarantee of success in most
instances). Further to the south, the fragmentation
of regions should increase, and a number of
disjunctive areas characterized by their own species
composition could be expected within the tropical
latitudes, although we have discussed only two such
regions—southeastern Asia and the Caribbean Basin
(Vasilyeva et al. 2012; Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2014).
Despite the fact that many species are common
throughout the whole region encompassed by the
“Asa Grey disjunction,” there are also species
restricted to only one fragment of this region, either
in northeastern Asia or eastern North America (the
so‐called ‘vicariant pattern’), and the “favorable
conditions” in another portion of the region seem to
be “unattractive” to some of the species being
considered. The same selectivity is observed with
respect to substrata. Thus, in northeastern Asia, nine
species of Acer are known, but the species
considered in this paper occur mainly on A.
pseudisieboldianum. Other species of Acer support
quite different species of fungi, for example,
Diatrype acericola De Not. occurs mostly on A. mono
Maxim. in northeastern Asia, and was described
from the Italian Peninsula on A. campestre L. In the
latter case, both species of Acer belong to the
section Platanoidea, so the occurrence of the same
fungal species on them would not seem
extraordinary, but Phaeodiaporthe appendiculata,
known from Europe on Acer platanoides L. (the third
member of the section Platanoidea) and A.
campestre, prefers A. pseudosieboldianum (section
Palmata) in northeastern Asia. The rather peculiar
pyrenomycete Rossmania ukurunduensis Lar.N.
Vassilyeva (Vasilyeva 2001) was found on A.
ukurunduense Trautv. & C.A. Mey. in the Khabarovsk
Territory of southeastern Russia and later in Jilin
Province in China, but nothing similar has been
observed on other species of Acer in the region.
All of these observations suggest that the
notions of very wide distributions and also wide
ranges of host plants have been exaggerated for
many groups of fungi.
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