全 文 ：植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (6): 857–861(2007) doi:10.1360/aps06176
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
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Received: 8 November 2006 Accepted: 17 May 2007
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 30500036 and Beijing Administrative Bureau of
Landscape Architecture.
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: .
A new status and typification of six names in Syringa
(Oleaceae)
1,2,3CHEN Jin-Yong 2ZHANG Zuo-Shuang 1HONG De-Yuan*
1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100093, China)
2(Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China)
3(Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Abstract A new status and a new synonym in the genus Syringa are proposed based on
population sampling, examination of herbarium specimens, character analysis and multivariate
analysis. Syringa wolfii C. K. Schneid. is here treated as S. villosa ssp. wolfii rather than S.
reflexa ssp. wolfii, and its lectotype is designated here. Also designated are the lectotypes of
five synonyms: S. bretschneiderii, S. emodi var. rosea, S. villosa var. hirsuta, S. formosissima,
and S. robusta.
Key words Syringa, Syringa villosa ssp. wolfii, new status, new synonymy, typification.
Syringa villosa was described as new by Vahl (1804) based on Incarville’s specimen
from Beijing. Cornu (1888) named Bretschneider’s plants from Beijing as S. emodi var. rosea,
which is a wrong determination. Syringa bretschneiderii first appeared in Lemoine’s
catalogue in 1890 and Brown (1910) considered that it was from northern China and had
larger leaves and flowers and more copious panicles than S. villosa. Schneider (1910)
described S. villosa var. hirsuta and S. wolfii as new, stating that the former was distributed in
northern Korea and Manchuria, while the latter was cultivated in St. Petersburg and probably
originated from northern China. Nakai (1917) described S. formosissima as new based on
Korean specimens. He later (Nakai, 1918) raised Schneider’s S. villosa var. hirsuta to S.
hirsuta and reduced S. formosissima to S. hirsuta var. formosissima, stating that S. hirsuta
differed from S. bretschneiderii in having pendent inflorescences. Nakai (1921) also described
S. robusta as new, considering that it resembled S. villosa, but differed in having larger leaves
and more robust branches. McKelvey (1928) treated Schneider’s S. villosa var. hirsuta and
Nakai’s S. formosissima and S. robusta as synonymy of S. wolfii, considering their differences
not distinct. She also treated S. emodi var. rosea and S. bretschneiderii as synonymy of S.
villosa. Qu and Chen (Chen & Qu, 1989) treated S. wolfii as S. reflexa ssp. wolfii on the basis
of their morphological similarity. However, Chang (1992) and Chang et al. (1996) recognized
S. villosa and S. wolfii as distinct species, which is in accordance with McKelvey’s treatment.
They considered S. villosa having corolla tube subcylindrical and corolla lobes spreading,
whereas S. wolfii having corolla tube funnelform and corolla lobes upright.
These taxa belong to ser. Villosae (C. K. Schneid.) Rehder and their distribution ranges
from North China, Northeast China, the Far East of Russia to the Korean Peninsula. They
differ from S. reflexa and S. komarowii C. K. Schneid. of the same series in having
inflorescences usually upright, while the latter two taxa have inflorescences pendulous and are
distributed in western China including Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces. In
order to better understand taxonomy of the former taxa (S. villosa complex), we sampled four
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 858
populations (BA, WL, WA, JL) in Beijing, Hebei and Jilin of China and examined about one
hundred specimens from the Korean Peninsula, the Far East of Russia and China (Table 1).
To compare the shape of corolla tube (CTS) effectively, we used the formula CTS = (diameter
of corolla throat – diameter of corolla base)/length of corolla tube. The result shows that CTS
varies continuously among the populations (Table 1). Corolla tube is usually funnelform in
the populations of Korea and Northeast China (KO, EN, JL, WA) and it is usually cylindrical
in the populations of North China (WL, BA, XW, SH), but the difference is not distinct.
Similarly, diameter of corolla throat and length of leaf blades in populations KO, EN, JL and
WA are frequently larger than those in WL, BA, XW and SH (Table 1). Corolla lobes are
usually upright in the populations KO, EN, JL and WA, while from upright to spreading in
WL, BA, XW and SH, and they are frequently shorter in the former populations than those in
the latter populations (Table 1). All these characters cannot be used to distinctly divide the
complex even though two groups are more or less recognizable.

Table 1 Character variation in Syringa villosa complex*
Length of leaf blades
(cm)
Diameter of corolla
throat (mm)
Shape of corolla tube
(CTS)
Length of corolla
lobes (mm)
Pose of corolla
lobes
KO (5.4–)6.1–13.6(–17) (1–)1.7–3.5(–4) (0.06–)0.1–0.24(–0.3) (2–)2.1–3.5(–4) 1(14); 2(2)
EN (7.5–)8–10.8(–11) (1.2–)1.7–2.8(–3) (0.03–)0.1–0.25 2–2.9(–3) 1(9)
JL (7–)8–12.2(–14) (2–)2.2–3 (0.11–)0.14–0.27 (–0.38) (2–)2.2–3.1(–3.5) 1(13)
WA (9–)10.2–14.6 (–16.5) (2–)2.6–4.1(–4.5) (0.11–)0.14–0.24 (–0.26) 2–3.2(–4) 1(14); 2(2)
WL (6–)7.6–11.2(–11.5) (1.5–)1.6–2.5(–3) (0.04) –0.05–0.12(–0.17) (3–)3.3–4.7(–5) 1(4); 2(6); 3(1)
BA (3.5–)5.9–10.2 (–12.2) (1–)1.5–2 (0–)0.06–0.14 (2–)2.6–4.3(–5) 1(13); 2(3); 3(1)
XW (4.5–)5.7–9.3(–12) (1.5–)1.6–2.2 (–2.5) (0.06–)0.08–0.15(–0.2) (2.5–)2.7–3.9 (–4.5) 1(14); 2(2)
SH 8–10.2(–10.5) (0.8–)1.2–2.9(–3) 0.05–0.19(–0.21) 2–3.5(–4) 1(3); 2(1); 3(1)
* KO, the Korean Peninsula; EN, Amur region, Heilongjiang; JL, Mt. Changbai, Jilin; WA, Wangou, Jilin; WL, Mt.
Wuling, Hebei; BA, Mt. Baihua, Beijing; XW, Mt. Xiaowutai, Hebei; SH, Shanxi. Pose of corolla lobes: 1, upright; 2,
spreading; 3, reflexed; number in the parenthesis stands for individuals observed. Quantitative characters are shown as
average ± standard deviation and the range of variation.

Principal coordinate analysis of about 50 characters shows that no obvious
morphological gap can be seen in the complex and that populations KO, EN, JL, WA and
populations WL, BA, XW, SH overlap on the PCO plot (Fig. 1). Furthermore, the former
populations are from the Korean Peninsula and Northeast China and the latter populations are
from North China. One species with two subspecies may be appropriate for the taxonomy of
the complex when all the pieces of evidence are considered. Populations WL, BA, XW and
SH are recognized as S. villosa ssp. villosa and populations KO, EN, JL and WA are here
recognized as S. villosa ssp. wolfii according to morphology and distribution range. The two
taxa are separated by the Northeast Plain as they usually grow in semi-shaded, moist forests,
but they are not very clearly differentiated in morphology.
1. Syringa villosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 38. 1804. Type: China. Beijing (北京), d’Incarville 50
(holotype, P!).
Deciduous shrubs to 3 m tall, branchlets gray, usually lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, ovate
to obovate, (3.5–)5.7–14.6(–17) cm long, (1.2–)2.6–6.6(–7.8) cm broad, adaxially green,
glabrous, rarely pubescent, abaxially pale green, sparsely to densely pubescent, rarely
glabrous, apex acuminate to acute, base cuneate, rarely rounded, lateral veins 5–9 pairs;
petioles green, glabrous, rarely pubescent, 0.4–2.5 cm long. Panicles terminal, with leaves at
base, 10–30 cm long, (3–)3.5–12.4(–15) cm broad; inflorescence rachises green, terete to
quadrangular, pubescent to glabrous, usually lenticellate; calyx campanulate, pubescent to
glabrous, 1–4×1–2.5 mm; corolla tube cylindrical to funnelform, purple, pink to whitish,
(4.5–)6.1–13.4(–15) mm long, base 0.5–2 mm broad, throat (0.8–)1.2–4.1(–4.5) mm broad;
corolla lobes upright to spreading, elliptic to triangular, pink, lilac to whitish, (2–)2.1–4.7(–5)
No. 6 CHEN et al.: A new status and typification of six names in Syringa (Oleaceae) 859
KO
EN
JL
WA
WL
BA
XW
SH
Ax
is
2
Axis 1
-0.07
-0.14
-0.21
-0.28
-0.35
0.00
0.07
0.14
0.21
0.28
0.35
-0.07-0.14-0.21-0.28-0.35 0.00 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.35

Fig. 1. Scatter plot resulted from principal coordinate analysis of Syringa villosa complex (population explanation see
Table 1).

mm long, (1–)1.2–2.9(–3) mm broad; anthers 1.5–3 mm long, yellow, inserted 0–1(–1.5) mm
below corolla throat; pistil 1.5–4 mm long. Capsule oblong, 8–17×3–6 mm, sparsely
lenticellate to smooth, mucronate to obtuse.
It is distributed in the Korean Peninsula, the Far East of Russia, and North and Northeast
China, usually growing in moist forests, at the edge of forests or by streams. Flowering in
June. Chromosome number 2n = 46, 48.
Two subspecies are recognized in the species, which are keyed out below:
Corolla tube usually cylindrical with throat (0.8–)1.2–2.9(–3) mm broad; corolla lobes upright to spreading,
2–4.7(–5) mm long ……………………………………………………..…….……1a. ssp. villosa
Corolla tube usually funnelform with throat (1–)1.7–4.1(–4.5) mm broad; corolla lobes usually upright,
2–3.5(–4) mm long ……………………………………………………………………..……1b. ssp. wolfii
1a. Syringa villosa ssp. villosa
S. bretschneiderii Lemoine ex Wien., Illustr. Gart. Zeit. 369. 1890; Brown in Bot. Mag.
136: t8292. 1910. Type: Brown’s tab. cited (lectotype designated here).
S. emodi Wall. ex G. Don var. rosea Cornu in Rev. Hort. 492. with figure. 1888.——S.
villosa Vahl var. rosea (Cornu) C. K. Schneid. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 81. 1910.
Type: Cornu’s fig. cited (lectotype designated here).
S. villosa var. limprichtii Lingelsh. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 72 (IV-243): 80. 1920. Type:
China. Hebei (河北): Mt. Xiaowutai (小五台山), H. Limpricht 599 (holotype, WRSL?).
Leaves oblong, rarely ovate or obovate, (3.5–)5.7–11.2(–12.2) cm long, (1.2–)2.6–5.5
(–7.6) cm broad, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent. Panicles 10–26 cm long,
(3–)3.6–10(–12) cm broad; inflorescence rachises usually lenticellate, pubescent to glabrous;
calyx pubescent to glabrous, 2–4×1.5–2 mm; corolla tube cylindrical to subcylindrical,
(5–)6.6–12.6(–14) mm long, base 0.8–1.5 mm broad, throat (0.8–)1.2–2.9(–3) mm broad;
corolla lobes upright to spreading, elliptic to triangular, (2–)2.6–4.7(–5) mm long,
(1–)1.2–2.5(–3) mm broad; anthers inserted 0–0.9(–1.5) mm below corolla throat. Capsule
oblong, 11–17×3–6 mm, sparsely lenticellate to smooth, mucronate.
It is distributed in Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi and Nei Mongol of China, growing in the
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 45 860
deciduous forests or by streams, at an altitude between 900 and 2200 m.
Representative specimens examined:
China. Beijing (北京): Mt. Baihua (百花山), J. Y. Chen (陈进勇) 04129, 04131 (PE), A. David 2239
(P); Miyun (密云), Beijing Normal University (北师大) 3304, 3486 (PE). Hebei (河北): Dongling (东陵), H.
T. Tsai (蔡希陶) 50016, 50320 (PE); Chicheng (赤城), Anonymous 4563 (PE); Laishui (涞水), C. G. Yang
(杨朝广) 103 (PE); Laiyuan (涞源), K. M. Liou (刘继孟) 2421 (PE); Mt. Xiaowutai (小五台山), H. W.
Kung (孔宪武) 1298, 3758 (PE), Y. Liu (刘瑛) 12557, 12563 (PE), Ö. V. Möllendorff s.n. (K), H. Smith 927
(UPS); Zhuolu (涿鹿), C. G. Yang (杨朝广) 1547 (PE). Nei Mongol (内蒙古): Ordos (鄂尔多斯), E. Licent
6777 (K). Shanxi (山西): Fanshi (繁峙), Loess Plateau Exped. (黄土高原队) 3616 (WUK), W. Z. Wang (王
文中) 605 (PE); Hunyuan (浑源), Y. W. Tsui (崔友文) 2511 (PE); Ningwu (宁武), K. M. Liou (刘继孟)
1979 (PE), Shanxi Exped. (山西队) 168 (PE), Loess Plateau Exped. (黄土高原队) 3340 (WUK); Wutai (五
台), Y. L. Chen (陈艺林) 1511 (PE), Shanxi Exped. (山西队) 694 (PE), W. Hancock s.n. (K).
1b. Syringa villosa ssp. wolfii (C. K. Schneid.) J. Y. Chen & D. Y. Hong, stat. nov.——S.
wolfii C. K. Schneid. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 81. 1910; Schneider, Ill. Handb.
Laubholzk. 2: 782, figs. 489: i–k, 490: o–r. 1911.——Syringa reflexa C. K. Schneid. ssp.
wolfii (C. K. Schneid.) S. Z. Qu & X. L. Chen in J. Northw. Forest. Coll. 4: 74. 1989, syn.
nov. Type: Schneider’s figs. cited (lectotype designated here).
S. villosa var. hirsuta C. K. Schneid. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 81. 1910.——
S. hirsuta (C. K. Schneid.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32: 132. 1918. Types: Korea.
Atokryong, T. Nakai 2197 (lectotype designated here, TI); Hotaisan, M. Furumi 195 (syntype,
TI).
S. formosissima Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31: 105. 1917.——S. hirsuta var. formosissima
Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32: 133. 1918. Type: Korea. Piraibon, 1914-10-06, T. Nakai 2205
(lectotype designated here, TI!), 2208 (syntype, TI); Atokryong, T. Nakai 2198 (Syntype,
TI!); Kanggei, T. Nakai 2195 (syntype, TI); Birubon, T. Nakai 5754 (syntype, TI); Miroppon,
T. Nakai 5753 (syntype, TI).
S. robusta Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 10: 57. 1921. Type: D. P. R. Korea. P′yǒngannam-do (平
安南道): Yangdǒk (阳德), 1928-06-15, T. Nakai 12436 (lectotype designated here, TI!)
Leaves elliptic, ovate to obovate, (5.4–)6.1–14.6(–17) cm long, (2.8–)3–6.6(–7.8) cm
broad, adaxially glabrous, rarely pubescent, abaxially sparsely to densely pubescent, rarely
glabrous. Panicles 13–30 cm long, (3.3–)3.5–12.4(–15) cm broad, inflorescence rachises
usually pubescent and lenticellate; calyx pubescent, 1–3×1–2.5 mm; corolla tube generally
funnelform, (4.5–)6.1–13.4(–15) mm long, base 0.5–2 mm broad, throat (1–)1.7–4.1(–4.5)
mm broad; corolla lobes usually upright, triangular, (2–)2.1–3.5(–4) mm long,
(1–)1.2–2.9(–3) mm broad; anthers inserted 0–1 mm below corolla throat. Capsule oblong,
8–14×3–5 mm, sparsely lenticellate to smooth, acute to obtuse.
It is distributed in the Korean Peninsula, the Far East of Russia and Northeast China,
growing in moist deciduous forests, at the edge of forests or by brooks, at an altitude between
600 and 1600 m.
Representative specimens examined:
China. Heilongjiang (黑龙江): Hailin (海林), P. Y. Fu et al. (傅沛云等) 3393 (IFP); Luobei (罗北), C.
S. Wang (王崇书) 638 (HNWP); Shangzhi (尚志), G. Z. Wang et al. (王光正等) 1399 (IFP), Y. C. Zhu (朱
有昌) 77, 78 (IFP). Jilin (吉林): Antu (安图), P. Y. Fu (傅沛云) 1061 (PE), H. Qian (钱宏) 05233 (IFP);
Changbai (长白), S. X. Li (李书心) 772 (PE), L. Q. Qiu (邱莲卿) 4353 (WUK); Fusong (抚松), J. Y. Chen
(陈进勇) 0511, 05126 (PE); Helong (和龙), Yanbian No. 2 Group (延边二组) 625 (PE); Jiangyuan (江源), J.
Y. Chen (陈进勇) 05111, 05116 (PE); Jiaohe (蛟河), Jilin Forestry College (吉林林学院) 9517 (PE), Y. L.
Zhang (张玉良) 946 (PE); Linjiang (临江), T. N. Liou (刘慎谔) 881, 883 (PE); Manjiang (漫江), Temperate
Forestry Group (温带森林组) 168, 182 (PE). Liaoning (辽宁): Benxi (本溪), C. Q. Lin (林长青) 1285 (PE),
No. 6 CHEN et al.: A new status and typification of six names in Syringa (Oleaceae) 861
J. Y. Li & Y. A. Chen (李冀云, 陈佑安) 1329 (IFP); Huanren (桓仁), S. X. Li & S. Z. Liu (李书心, 刘淑
珍) 6817 (IFP).
Korea. Hamgyong-Bukdo, T. Nakai 7385, 7388 (TI); Heian, E. H. Wilson 8687 (K); Taiyudo, E. H.
Wilson 8614 (K); Kankyo, E. H. Wiilson 8925 (K); Kogen, Kongosan, E. H. Wilson 10470, 10488 (K);
Kangwando, K. Kondo 5916 (TI), M. Jin & S. C. Ko 21013 (TI), T. Nakai s.n. (TI); Serak-san, M. Hagman et
al. 60 (UPS); Musang, V. L. Komarov 1258 (P).
Russia. Shkotovo, M. Flanagan & A. Kirkham 15 (K); Vladivostok, S. Kharkevich & T. Buch s.n. (K).
This taxon differs from S. reflexa (S. komarowii ssp. reflexa) in having panicles upright
and broader, while the latter having panicles pendulous and narrower. Furthermore, the two
taxa are disjunct in distribution. It seems inappropriate to treat S. wolfii as S. reflexa ssp.
wolfii, while it is more appropriate to treat it as S. villosa ssp. wolfii. Since Syringa wolfii was
described from a cultivated plant and no type specimen has been designated for it. We here
choose Schneider (1911)’s figures as the lectotype.
Acknowledgements We thank the curators and staff members of the herbaria E, HNWP,
IFP, K, PE, TI, UPS and WUK for loan of specimens or assistance in examining specimens.
References
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木犀科丁香属的一个新等级和六个名称的模式指定
1,2,3陈进勇 2张佐双 1洪德元*
1(系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093)
2(北京植物园 北京 100093)
3(中国科学院研究生院 北京 100049)

摘要 在居群取样、标本查阅、性状分析和多变量分析的基础上, 提出了丁香属Syringa一个新等级和
一个新异名: 辽东丁香S. wolfii C. K. Schneid.被处理为红丁香的亚种S. villosa ssp. wolfii而不是垂丝丁
香的亚种S. reflexa ssp. wolfii, 并且其后选模式被指定。同时还指定了五个异名的后选模式, 它们是S.
bretschneiderii、S. emodi var. rosea、S. villosa var. hirsuta、S. formosissima和S. robusta。
关键词 丁香属; 辽东丁香; 新等级; 新异名; 模式指定