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Oxygen consumption rate of Sepia pharaonis embryos.

虎斑乌贼的胚胎耗氧率


为了探究虎斑乌贼胚胎不同发育时期的耗氧率变化和几种生态因子对胚胎发育过程耗氧率的影响,试验采用封闭静水装置,对不同发育时期(12期)的耗氧率进行测定,并研究不同盐度(21、24、27、30、33)、温度(18、21、24、27、30 ℃)和pH(7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0)对胚胎4个主要发育时期(受精卵期、原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期)耗氧率的影响.结果表明: 胚胎各个发育时期耗氧率不同,随着发育的进程而增大,受精卵期为0.082 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1,而到原肠胚期的耗氧率显著升高,为0.279 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1,到孵化期时,耗氧率达到1.367 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1;盐度对器官形成期和内骨骼形成期的耗氧率均有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精卵期和原肠胚期影响不显著(P>0.05),当盐度为30时,4个发育时期耗氧率均达到最大值,分别为0.082、0.200、0.768和1.301 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1;温度对原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期的耗氧率有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精卵期无显著性影响(P>0.05),在27 ℃时,胚胎4个发育时期均达到最大值,分别为0.082、0.286、0.806和1.338 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1;而pH对4个发育时期的耗氧率均无显著性影响(P>0.05),受精卵期在pH 8.0时达到最大值,为0.116 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1,原肠胚期、器官形成期、内骨骼形成期在pH 8.5时达到最大值,分别为0.281 、0.799和1.130 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1.

 

This research was conducted to unravel the variation of oxygen consumption rate during different developmental stages and the effects of different ecological factors on embryonic oxygen consumption rate of Sepia pharaonis. The oxygen consumption rates were measured at twelve developmental stages by the sealed volumetric flasks, and four embryonic developmental periods (oosperm, gastrula, the formation of organization, endoskeleton) were selected under various ecological conditions, such as salinity (21, 24, 27, 30, 33), water temperature (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 ℃) and pH (7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0). The results showed that the oxygen consumption rate rose along with the developmental progress, and distinctly differed from each other. The oxygen consumption rate was 0.082 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1 during oosperm period, and rose to 0.279 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1 during gastrula period, which was significantly higher than that of blastula period. Finally, the oxygen consumption rate rose to 1.367 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1 during hatching period.  The salinity showed a significant effect on oxygen consumption rate during the formation of organization and endoskeleton formation stage (P<0.05), but no significant effect during oosperm and gastrula periods (P>0.05). The oxygen consumption rates of four studied embryonic stages all rose and then declined along with the increase of salinity, and reached the highest values \[0.082, 0.200, 0.768 and 1.301 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1, respectively\] at salinity 30. The water temperature had a significant effect on the embryo oxygen consumption rates of gastrula, and the formation of organization and endoskeleton formation stage (P<0.05), with the exception of oosperm (P>0.05). The oxygen consumption rates of four studied embryonic stages all rose and then declined along with the increase of temperature, and reached the highest values at 27 ℃ \[0.082, 0.286, 0.806 and 1.338 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1, respectively\]. The pH had no significant effect on the oxygen consumption rates of four embryonic stages (P>0.05). The oxygen consumption rates of four studied embryonic stages all rose and then declined along with the increase of pH. The oxygen consumption rates of gastrula, the formation of organization, endoskeleton reached the according highest values \[0.281, 0.799 and 1.130 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1\] at pH 8.5, but that during oosperm period occurred at pH 8.0 \[0.116 mg·(100 eggs)-1·h-1\].


全 文 :虎 斑 乌 贼 的 胚 胎 耗 氧 率
王鹏帅  蒋霞敏∗  阮  鹏  彭瑞冰  江茂旺  韩庆喜
(宁波大学海洋学院, 浙江宁波 315211)
摘  要  为了探究虎斑乌贼胚胎不同发育时期的耗氧率变化和几种生态因子对胚胎发育过
程耗氧率的影响,试验采用封闭静水装置,对不同发育时期(12 期)的耗氧率进行测定,并研
究不同盐度(21、24、27、30、33)、温度(18、21、24、27、30 ℃)和 pH(7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0)对胚
胎 4个主要发育时期(受精卵期、原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期)耗氧率的影响.结果
表明: 胚胎各个发育时期耗氧率不同,随着发育的进程而增大,受精卵期为 0. 082
mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1,而到原肠胚期的耗氧率显著升高,为 0.279 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1,
到孵化期时,耗氧率达到 1.367 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1;盐度对器官形成期和内骨骼形成期的
耗氧率均有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精卵期和原肠胚期影响不显著(P>0.05),当盐度为 30
时,4个发育时期耗氧率均达到最大值,分别为 0.082、0.200、0.768和 1.301 mg·(100 eggs) -1·
h-1;温度对原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期的耗氧率有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精卵
期无显著性影响(P>0.05),在 27 ℃时,胚胎 4 个发育时期均达到最大值,分别为 0.082、
0.286、0.806和 1.338 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1;而 pH对 4个发育时期的耗氧率均无显著性影响
(P>0.05),受精卵期在 pH 8.0时达到最大值,为 0.116 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1,原肠胚期、器
官形成期、内骨骼形成期在 pH 8. 5 时达到最大值,分别为 0. 281 、 0. 799 和 1. 130
mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1 .
关键词  虎斑乌贼; 胚胎; 生态因子; 耗氧率
本文由宁波市农业重大专项(2014C11001)和浙江省海洋与渔业项目(浙海渔计 2013[82]号)资助 This work was supported by the Major Agricul⁃
ture Project of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China (2014C11001) and the Ocean and Fishery Project of Zhejiang Province, China (Zhejiang Marine
Fishery Program, 2013[82]).
2015⁃10⁃26 Received, 2016⁃04⁃07 Accepted.
∗通讯作者 Corresponding author. E⁃mail: jiangxiamin@ nbu.edu.cn
Oxygen consumption rate of Sepia pharaonis embryos. WANG Peng⁃shuai, JIANG Xia⁃min∗,
RUAN Peng, PENG Rui⁃bing, JIANG Mao⁃wang, HAN Qing⁃xi ( School of Marine Sciences,
Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China) .
Abstract: This research was conducted to unravel the variation of oxygen consumption rate during
different developmental stages and the effects of different ecological factors on embryonic oxygen
consumption rate of Sepia pharaonis. The oxygen consumption rates were measured at twelve deve⁃
lopmental stages by the sealed volumetric flasks, and four embryonic developmental periods
(oosperm, gastrula, the formation of organization, endoskeleton) were selected under various eco⁃
logical conditions, such as salinity (21, 24, 27, 30, 33), water temperature (18, 21, 24, 27,
30 ℃) and pH (7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0). The results showed that the oxygen consumption rate
rose along with the developmental progress, and distinctly differed from each other. The oxygen con⁃
sumption rate was 0. 082 mg·(100 eggs) -1 ·h-1 during oosperm period, and rose to 0. 279
mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1 during gastrula period, which was significantly higher than that of blastula
period. Finally, the oxygen consumption rate rose to 1.367 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1 during hatching
period. The salinity showed a significant effect on oxygen consumption rate during the formation of
organization and endoskeleton formation stage (P<0.05), but no significant effect during oosperm
and gastrula periods (P>0.05). The oxygen consumption rates of four studied embryonic stages all
rose and then declined along with the increase of salinity, and reached the highest values [0.082,
0.200, 0.768 and 1.301 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1, respectively] at salinity 30. The water tempera⁃
ture had a significant effect on the embryo oxygen consumption rates of gastrula, and the formation
应 用 生 态 学 报  2016年 7月  第 27卷  第 7期                                            http: / / www.cjae.net
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, Jul. 2016, 27(7): 2357-2362                  DOI: 10.13287 / j.1001-9332.201607.013
of organization and endoskeleton formation stage ( P < 0. 05), with the exception of oosperm
(P>0.05). The oxygen consumption rates of four studied embryonic stages all rose and then de⁃
clined along with the increase of temperature, and reached the highest values at 27 ℃ [0.082,
0.286, 0.806 and 1.338 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1, respectively]. The pH had no significant effect
on the oxygen consumption rates of four embryonic stages (P>0.05). The oxygen consumption rates
of four studied embryonic stages all rose and then declined along with the increase of pH. The oxy⁃
gen consumption rates of gastrula, the formation of organization, endoskeleton reached the according
highest values [0.281, 0.799 and 1.130 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1] at pH 8.5, but that during
oosperm period occurred at pH 8.0 [0.116 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1].
Key words: Sepia pharaonis; embryo; ecological factors; oxygen consumption rate.
    对于水生动物而言,耗氧率是体内生理代谢活
动的一项重要指标,不同发育时期的胚胎对耗氧率
有不同的要求,不同的生态因子(或者同一生态因
子不同浓度)对胚胎耗氧率有不同程度的影响,水
体中的溶氧和生态因子的变化对胚胎的正常发育和
成功孵化至关重要[1] .
虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)隶属于乌贼目(Sepi⁃
ida)乌贼科(Sepiidae)乌贼属(Sepia),主要分布在
印度洋以及西太平洋,我国南海多有分布,为浅海性
底栖种[2],由于具有个体大、生长快、口味鲜美等优
点[3],是一种具有较高经济价值的优良物种.目前虎
斑乌贼的养殖模式主要有水泥池养殖[3]、土塘养殖
和网箱养殖等,而有关虎斑乌贼的研究,国内外主要
集中在繁殖[4-5]、氨基酸表达[6]、不同培养时期壳层
变化[7]以及胚胎及幼体的毒理性[8-9]、耐受性[10-12]
等方面的研究,关于虎斑乌贼在胚胎耗氧率方面的
研究尚未见有报道.为了探究虎斑乌贼胚胎发育过
程耗氧率的变化以及不同生态因子对胚胎耗氧率的
影响,本试验测定了虎斑乌贼不同发育时期(12 期)
的耗氧率变化以及不同生态因子 (盐度、温度和
pH)对其中 4 个主要发育时期(受精卵期、原肠胚
期、器官形成期和内骨骼形成期)耗氧率的影响.研
究虎斑乌贼胚胎发育过程中各个时期的耗氧率变化
及生态因子对其代谢的影响,不仅具有一定的理论
意义,而且可以了解胚胎发育各个时期的需氧规律
及找到不同孵化环境下胚胎发育的最适溶氧水平,
为在实际生产中虎斑乌贼胚胎的人工孵化和运输提
供理论依据.
1  材料和方法
1􀆰 1  供试材料
试验于 2015年 3—4月在广东省湛江市硇洲镇
宜人海珍养殖场进行,试验所用胚胎取自同一批虎
斑乌贼亲体在同一时间段所产、发育正常、大小均等
的受精卵.
1􀆰 2  研究方法
1􀆰 2􀆰 1胚胎不同发育时期耗氧率试验  试验方法借
鉴刘鉴毅等[13]测定大鲵(Andrias davidianus)胚胎耗
氧率的装置,采用 Winkler 碘量法测定水样溶氧量.
呼吸室为容积 500 mL的三角烧瓶,盛满水,密闭.每
个发育时期设置 3 个平行和 1 个空白对照瓶.试验
用水取自当地海域,经暗沉淀、沙滤、筛绢网袋过滤
的自然海水,盐度(29.0±0.6),水温(23.0±1.0) ℃,
pH(8.1±0.3).根据不同发育时期(受精卵期、囊胚
期、原肠胚期、胚孔封闭期、胚体形成期、器官形成
期、红珠期、心跳出现期、色素出现期、内骨骼形成
期、孵化期、仔乌贼期)各将 30 粒卵迅速放入呼吸
室中,密闭,记录时间.呼吸室均浸没于泡沫箱恒温
水体中,试验期间每隔 15 min 轻轻颠倒混合数次,
保证水体溶解氧均匀.试验装置置于暗处,避免阳光
直射,待试验进行 4 h后,通过虹吸法迅速取水样测
定耗氧率.
1􀆰 2􀆰 2盐度对胚胎耗氧率的影响试验   设置盐度
21、24、27、30和 33 共 5个梯度,采用自然海水添加
淡水和海盐的方法调节盐度.试验水温(23.0±1.0)
℃,pH(8.1±0.3),呼吸室为容积 500 mL 的三角烧
瓶,盛满水,密闭.试验前,取不同发育时期(受精卵
期、原肠胚期、器官形成期、内骨骼形成期)胚胎 30
粒,在各设定盐度条件下先适应 4 h,再转入呼吸室
进行试验,其他条件同 1.2.1.
1􀆰 2􀆰 3温度对胚胎耗氧率的影响试验   设置温度
18、21、24、27和 30 ℃共 5 个梯度,采用冰袋和电热
棒加热的方法调节水温.试验盐度(29.0±0.6),pH
(8.1±0.3),其他条件同 1.2.2.
1􀆰 2􀆰 4 pH对胚胎耗氧率的影响试验  设置 pH 7.0、
7.5、8.0、8.5 和 9.0 共 5 梯度,采用磷酸缓冲液缓慢
调节水体的 pH.试验盐度(29.0±0.6),水温(23.0±
1.0) ℃,其他条件同 1.2.2.
8532 应  用  生  态  学  报                                      27卷
1􀆰 3  数据处理
试验数据以平均值±标准差(mean±SD)表示,
采用 SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据的正态性和方差
齐性检验,做 Duncan多重比较(α= 0.05).
耗氧率计算公式为[13]:
R=(C0-C1)·V·100 / (Tn)
其中:R为耗氧率[mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1];C0为空
白对照瓶中的溶解氧(mg·L-1);C1为胚胎试验瓶
中的溶解氧(mg·L-1);V 为试验水体的有效体积
(L);T为试验密封的时间(h);n 为试验瓶中的胚
胎个数.
2  结果与分析
2􀆰 1  胚胎不同发育时期耗氧率的变化
由表 1 可以看出,各个发育时期的耗氧率变化
随发育时期的进程呈直线上升趋势,其中有 4 个较
明显的上升期,分别为原肠胚期、器官形成期、内骨
骼形成期和孵化期.受精卵期的耗氧率为 0. 082
mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1,原肠胚期的耗氧率为 0.279
mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1,是囊胚期的 3.38 倍,器官
形成期的耗氧率为 0.819 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1,
内骨骼形成期的耗氧率为 1.176 mg·(100 eggs) -1
·h-1,到孵化期时耗氧率为 1. 367 mg · ( 100
eggs) -1·h-1,是受精卵期耗氧率的 16.67倍.
2􀆰 2  盐度对胚胎耗氧率的影响
由图 1 可知,不同盐度对受精卵期和原肠胚期
的耗氧率没有显著影响(P>0.05) ,但对器官形成
表 1  虎斑乌贼胚胎不同发育时期的耗氧率
Table 1  Oxygen consumption rates of Sepia pharaonis em⁃
bryo under different developmental stages [mg · ( 100
eggs) -1·h-1]
发育时期
Developmental stage
耗氧率
Oxygen
consumption rate
受精卵 Oosperm 0.082±0.001a
囊胚期 Blastula stage 0.083±0.001a
原肠胚期 Gastrula stage 0.279±0.034b
胚孔封闭期 Closure stage of blastopore 0.421±0.035c
胚体形成期 Occurrence stage of embryonic primodium 0.523±0.038d
器官形成期 Formation stage of organization 0.819±0.031e
红珠期 Red⁃bead stage 0.958±0.035f
心跳出现期 Occurrence stage of heartbeat 1.002±0.035f
色素出现期 Pigment appearance stage 0.984±0.035f
内骨骼形成期 Formation stage of endoskeleton 1.176±0.000g
孵化期 Hatching stage 1.367±0.029h
仔乌贼 Juvenile cuttlefish 1.394±0.083h
不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)Different small letters indicated
significant difference at 0.05 level.
图 1  盐度、温度、pH对虎斑乌贼胚胎不同发育时期耗氧率
的影响
Fig.1  Effects of salinity, temperature and pH on oxygen con⁃
sumption rates of embryo under different developmental stages.
Ⅰ: 受精卵期 Oosperm; Ⅱ: 原肠胚期 Gastrula; Ⅲ: 器官形成期 For⁃
mation of organization; Ⅳ: 内骨骼形成期 Endoskeleton formation stage.
下同 The same below. 不同小写字母表示同一发育时期不同盐度、温
度、pH之间的差异性达到显著水平(P<0.05) Different small letters
meant significant difference among the same developmental stage with dif⁃
ferent salinity, temperature and pH at 0.05 level.
期、内骨骼形成期影响显著(P<0.05),盐度 24 ~ 30
组的胚胎耗氧率显著高于其他 2 组(P<0.05).随着
盐度的上升,各个发育时期的耗氧率均呈现先增大
后减小的趋势,当盐度为 30 时,4 个发育时期(受精
卵期、原肠胚期、器官形成期、内骨骼形成期)均达
到 最 大 值, 分 别 为 0.082、 0.200、 0.768、 1.301
mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1 .
2􀆰 3  温度对胚胎耗氧率的影响
由图 1 可知,受精卵期各组间无显著性差异
(P>0.05),原肠胚期和器官形成期在 27 ℃组的耗
氧率显著高于其他 4组(P<0.05),而内骨骼形成期
除在 24与 27 ℃组无显著性差异(P>0.05)外,与其他
各组有差异显著(P<0.05).随着温度的上升,胚胎不
同发育时期的耗氧率均呈先增大后减小的趋势,在
27 ℃时,4个胚胎发育时期(受精卵期、原肠胚期、器
95327期                                  王鹏帅等: 虎斑乌贼的胚胎耗氧率             
官形成期、内骨骼形成期)均达到最大值,分别为
0.082、0.286、0.806、1.338 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1 .
2􀆰 4  pH对胚胎耗氧率的影响
不同 pH对胚胎发育的各个时期无显著性差异
(P>0.05),随着 pH的升高,受精卵期在 pH 8.0时达
到最大值,为 0.116 mg·(100 eggs) -1·h-1,其他胚胎
发育各时期(原肠胚期、器官形成期、内骨骼形成期)
的耗氧率先升高后下降,在 pH 8.5时达到最大值,分
别为 0. 281、0. 799、1. 130 mg·(100 eggs) -1 ·h-1
(图 1).
3  讨    论
3􀆰 1  虎斑乌贼胚胎不同发育时期耗氧率的变化
水体溶氧含量是影响水生生物胚胎发育的重要
因素之一,当水体氧气不足时会导致胚胎发育受阻、
孵化率降低、幼体畸形率增加等现象,胚胎在不同的
发育时期对溶解氧有不同的要求[1,14-15] .
本试验中虎斑乌贼胚胎发育时期参照蒋霞敏
等[16]对拟目乌贼(Sepia lycidas)胚胎发育时期的研
究进行划分,试验选取了虎斑乌贼胚胎 12个发育时
期进行耗氧率的研究.试验结果显示,随着胚胎的发
育进程,耗氧率逐渐升高,这与中华鲟 ( Acipenser
sinensis) [1]、东北小鲵 ( Hynobias leechii) [17]、大鲵
(Andrias davidianus) [13]、团头鲂(Megalobrama am⁃
blycephala) [18]等的研究结果一致.同时发现,在整个
发育时期中,虎斑乌贼胚胎耗氧率在原肠胚期、器官
形成期、内骨骼形成期和孵化期出现了 4 个较明显
的上升期,表明随着虎斑乌贼神经组织及器官组织
等的逐渐形成,新陈代谢加强,对氧的需求也越来越
大,这 4个发育时期胚胎的新陈代谢最为旺盛,胚胎
发育过程对水体的溶解氧也有较高的要求,因此也
最容易受到水体溶解氧变化的影响,而唐国盘等[1]
研究发现,中华鲟胚胎在原肠胚期和出膜期的胚胎
发育耗氧率最高.本试验还发现,虎斑乌贼胚胎在发
育过程中,其体积经历了一个由大到小再到大的变
化过程,这与金乌贼(Sepia esculenta) [19]、曼氏无针
乌贼(Sepiella maindroni) [20]、拟目乌贼[16]等的发育
过程相一致.李嘉泳[21]研究发现,外部器官全部完
成的时候,卵膜也就缩到了最低限度,Cornin 等[15]
认为,澳大利亚巨乌贼(Sepia apama)通过增加胚胎
表面积和减小卵膜的厚度来满足 O2的需求,这些与
本研究相符,从虎斑乌贼胚胎耗氧率的测定结果来
看,当胚胎内乌贼发育到红珠期后卵膜开始逐渐变
薄,出现了较高的耗氧率,因此,在虎斑乌贼胚胎孵
化过程中,要保证水体足够的氧气供应,尤其在 4 个
耗氧率升高较为明显的时期.当水体溶解氧偏低时,
胚胎就会出现发育迟缓、代谢紊乱、提前脱膜、畸形
或死亡等现象[1,14] .所以加大充气,保证孵化水体充
足的溶氧供应,这对虎斑乌贼胚胎的发育将起到至
关重要的作用.
3􀆰 2  盐度对虎斑乌贼胚胎耗氧率的影响
胚胎发育涉及一系列细胞分裂、分化和形态发
生等过程,不仅受到内部基因控制影响,而且还受到
外部环境因素影响,盐度与水生生物的各种生理条
件密切相关,是影响胚胎发育的重要因素之一[14] .
已有研究表明,软体动物胚胎发育所需的最适温盐
条件及耐受极限是由产卵亲体生殖腺发育时的条件
决定的[22-24] .本试验中,虎斑乌贼胚胎发育的 4 个
时期耗氧率均随盐度的上升而增加,在盐度 30时达
到最大值,随后下降,这可能与虎斑乌贼主要分布于
南海,与其亲体生存及繁殖水体的盐度有关,这与彭
瑞冰等[14]、黄建盛等[11]、Paulij 等[25]得出的虎斑乌
贼胚胎孵化最适宜的盐度相符.也有研究表明,在胚
胎发育过程中,氧气通过卵膜扩散来实现气体交换,
盐度过高会引起氧气扩散,影响胚胎与水体之间的
气体交换[15,26-27],盐度过低又会引起胚胎膨胀,导
致发育受阻[14],进而影响胚胎新陈代谢.该试验中,
盐度对器官形成期和内骨骼出现期均有显著影响,
盐度为 24、27 和 30 组的耗氧率显著高于 21 和 33
组,一般情况下,耗氧率升高表明动物的生长发育加
快和新陈代谢增强,因此,盐度 30 是虎斑乌贼胚胎
发育代谢最为旺盛的条件.而盐度对受精卵期和原
肠胚期耗氧率没有显著影响,具体原因还有待进一
步研究.
3􀆰 3  温度对虎斑乌贼胚胎耗氧率的影响
水生无脊椎动物是变温性动物,温度是引起其
生理活动变化的重要因素之一[28] .许多研究表明,
水生无脊椎动物的耗氧率会随温度的升高而增加,
当超过这个范围,生理功能会出现异常,反而下
降[29-32] .楼允东[33]认为,胚胎的孵化一方面靠胚胎
表皮孵化腺分泌孵化酶使卵膜软化,另一方面依靠
自身活动性的加强.温度因子可以影响孵化酶的分
泌及其酶活性,通常低温抑制酶活性,而高温则对酶
造成破坏,从而影响胚胎的孵化,而孵化酶的活性和
自身活动的强弱都会在胚胎发育各时期的耗氧率大
小上有所表现,最适宜的温度下胚胎耗氧率会达到
一个高峰[1] .从本试验结果来看,在水温 18 ~ 27 ℃
范围内,受精卵期、原肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼
0632 应  用  生  态  学  报                                      27卷
出现期耗氧率均随水温的升高而增加,反映了变温
动物呼吸代谢强度随环境温度改变而改变的基本特
征,当水温升高时,胚胎新陈代谢作用增强,各种生
理生化反应加快,对耗氧的需求量增大,相应的耗氧
率也随之增大,在 27 ℃时达到最大值.30 ℃时,原
肠胚期、器官形成期和内骨骼出现期的耗氧率显著
低于 27 ℃,说明 30 ℃已超过虎斑乌贼胚胎发育的
适宜范围,以致胚胎内酶的活力下降,新陈代谢变
慢,引起耗氧率下降,从而对胚胎的呼吸代谢产生了
抑制作用.
3􀆰 4  pH对虎斑乌贼胚胎耗氧率的影响
pH是海水养殖水质检测的一个重要指标,它能
直接影响海洋生物的代谢机能,还能影响生物生存
水体的各种理化因子[34],从而间接影响海洋生物的
生长发育.Allan 等[35]认为,过低的 pH 会对甲壳类
的离子调节能力形成损害;李丹萍[36]认为,水体酸
性过低可导致鱼虾血液 pH 下降,使其载氧能力减
弱,代谢机能下降,造成缺氧症,还会影响体内酶活
性,而碱性过高,则易造成氨中毒.pH对胚胎发育的
影响主要表现在氢离子对胚胎发生的毒性作用,而
卵膜本身对水体酸碱性也有一定的调节能力,在一
定范围内,不会对胚胎造成太大影响[34] .本试验中,
虎斑乌贼胚胎的 4个发育时期耗氧率在 pH 7.0~8.5
之间均随 pH的升高而增大,在 pH 9.0时略微下降,
但整体上 4个时期差异不显著.这可能是由于虎斑
乌贼胚胎对 pH的调节能力较强,在 pH 7.0 ~ 9.0 之
间能够保证正常的新陈代谢,在耗氧率上表现为差
异不显著,具体原因还有待进一步深入研究.
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作者简介  王鹏帅,男,1989年生,硕士研究生. 主要从事海
洋生物分子育种与健康养殖研究. E⁃mail: wang_pengshuai@
126.com
责任编辑  肖  红
王鹏帅, 蒋霞敏, 阮鹏, 等. 虎斑乌贼的胚胎耗氧率. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(7): 2357-2362
Wang P⁃S, Jiang X⁃M, Ruan P, et al. Oxygen consumption rate of Sepia pharaonis embryos. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,
2016, 27(7): 2357-2362 (in Chinese)
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