---

作 者 ：李东明^1,2;郭正刚¹;安黎哲²

期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2008年 19卷 10期 页码：2182-2188

关键词：草地；

摘 要 ：草地生态系统恢复能力是评价人类工程活动对青藏高原多年冻土生态系统影响的重要组分.分析了不同草地生态系统干扰带和非干扰带群落特征、植物多样性、草地初级生产力和经济类群，综合评价了青藏高原多年冻土区地上植被在受工程活动干扰后的综合恢复能力.结果表明:经过近20多年的自然恢复，青藏苔草草原、紫花针茅草原、扇穗茅草原、高山嵩草草甸、矮蒿草草甸和藏蒿草沼泽化草甸6种草地的盖度和物种组成均有一定程度的恢复，且草原群落的恢复程度好于草甸群落,但干扰群落仍低于未干扰群落；紫花针茅草原分布区物种多样性恢复好于其他草地类型分布区；干扰带由最初的地上植物生物量全部为0恢复到148.8～489.6 g·m^-2，其中藏嵩草沼泽化草甸干扰带恢复最好，生物量达489.6 g·m^-2；除藏嵩草恢复群落的饲用植物类群组成相对稳定外，干扰后的其他5种草地类型饲用价值降低.高寒草原生态系统的植被综合恢复能力显著高于草甸生态系统.

Abstract:Vegetation restoration capacity of disturbed grassland ecosystem is one of the important components in assessing the influence of human engineering activities on the grassland ecosystems in permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. After comparing the features of vegetation communities, plant species diversity, grassland primary productivity, and economic group between disturbed and undisturbed communities, the comprehensive vegetation restoration capacity of several grassland communities under destroyed disturbance was assessed by using comprehensive assessment index. The results showed that the restoration of cover and community composition was obvious after 26 years natural restoration, being better for alpine steppes than for alpine meadows. However, the cover of disturbed communities was less than that of undisturbed communities. The restoration of plant species diversity in Stipa purpurea steppe was better than that in other grassland types. The biomass of standing plants restored from 0 to 148.8-489.6 g·m^-2, and that of Kobresia tibetica meadow was the highest (489.6 g·m^-2). The palatable plants of disturbed communities were lower than those of undisturbed communities except for K. tibetica meadow, in which, the palatable plants were not changeable between disturbed and undisturbed communities. The comprehensive vegetation restoration capacity of alpine steppes was better than that of alpine meadows.

---