全 文 ：FruitAnatomyofsect.ParacameliawithReference
toTheirSignificanceofGermplasm Resources
Exploitation
HONGSi-si, ZHANGSi-ming, LOUJia, ZHANGWei, LUHong-fei, LIAOFang-lei＊
ColegeofChemistryandLifeSciences, ZhejiangNormalUniversity, Jinhua321004
Abstract　[Objective] Toutilizethegermplasmresources, newsystematicevidencefortheclassificationofsect.Paracamelia, genusCamelia
isfoundinthisarticle.[ Method] Fruitanatomyof10 speciesrepresentingsect.Paracameliawasinvestigated.Andthemaincomponentof
sect.ParacameliainthegenusCameliawasstudiedbyMVSPsoftware.[Result] Theexocarpwasthin;mesocarpwasbroad, havingalarge
numberofstonecels;endocarpwaslignified, andseparatedeasilyfromseed.Theprinciplecomponentsanalysissuggestedthatthedistancebetweenspecieswasfar, showingfarrelation;thecurentstudydidnotsupporttheformationofCameliagrijsi(C.grijsi)andCameliayuh-
sienensis(C.yuhsienensis), Cameliashensiensis(C.shensiensis)shouldnotberecognizedasavarietyofC.yuhsienensis.Inaddition, italso
provedMingscombiningofCameliaconfusa(C.confusa)andCameliakissi(C.kissi)wasunnatural.[Conclusion] Thestudyprovidedtheo-
reticalbasisforthedevelopmentandapplicationofsect.ParacameliainthegenusCamelia.
Keywords　GenusCamelia;Sect.Paracamelia;Fruitanatomy;Classification;Germplasmresources
Received:April25, 2011　　Accepted:May20, 2011
SupportedbyGeneralProgramofJinhuaCityScienceandTechnol-
ogyBureau(2009-2-020).
＊Corespondingauthor.E-mail:fangleiliao@zjnu.cn
　　GenusCameliaisonegenusofTheaceae, havingvari-
ousvarietiesandsystematicalybeingoriginal.80%-95% of
thisspeciesisdistributedinChina[1] .Taxonomistsopinionon
thespeciessystematicclassificationofgenuscameliadiffers
greatlyandthediferencesaremainlyabouttheSealy[ 2] ,
ChangHTsystem[ 3, 4] andMingTian-lu[ 1] system.Though
manyscholarshavefurtherstudiedbyautopsy[ 2] , cytolo-
gy[ 3, 4] , geography[11-13] andmolecularbiology[14] tomake
problemsontaxonomycleareandsolvetocertaindegree, the
unsolvedandhistoricalproblemsarestilprominent.
Sect.Paracameliaisakindofimportanteconomycrop.
C.yuhsienensisisagroupofwild, rarespeciesofsect.Para-
camelia.Currently, itisonlydistributedandcultivatedinlarge
amountinYouCountyofHunanProvince.Thereislitle
amountofseedsnaturalizedinZhejiangProvince[ 15] .Be-
causeitcarriesfunctionssuchasanti-disease, earlyfructifica-
tionandrichoutput, highoilyieldandspecialhealth-care
effect, C.brevistyla, C.obtusifoliaandC.fluviatilisetc.
havelongbeencultivatedasoilcropsforcookandindustrial
purpose[1] .Toquicklyexpandthisfinesect.Paracamelia
hasbeenimportantstudyprojectnowadays.However, there
islargedifferenceontheclassificationofthesystemofsect.
Paracamelia.Thespeciesnamesaremixedusedinproduc-
tionandlife, whichhasbroughtgreatinconveniencetothe
cultivationanddevelopmentoftheseplantsresources.Based
ontheopinionofbractandcalyxnotdifferentiatingistheo-
riginalpropertyofthecrops, ChangHTdefinesthediffer-
encesofsomewidely-existedmorphologyasthosebetween
species[ 3, 4].Basedontheideaofflowersareabnormal
branches, MingTianlusystemdefinessomewidely-existed
morphologicaldiferencesascontinuousorin-continuousrela-
tionamongspeciesandproposednewgenusCameliasystem
outlineandcombinedlotsofspecies[1] .Forexample, C.
shensiensisandC.grijsiarecombinedasC.yuhsienensis.
ByFTIR, Shen[ 16] etal.discussedthediferencesofsect.
Cameliaandsect.Paracamelia.AoChengqi[ 17-18] etal.
studiedthemorphologyofpolenofsect.Paracamelia.Lin
Xiuyan[ 19] etal.studiedtherelationbetweensect.camelia
andsect.Paracameliaaccordingtotheleafanatomycharac-
teristics.Therefore, asthemainsourceofwoodedibleoil,
thestudyoftheclassificationofsect.Paracamelianeedsfur-
therinvestigation.
BothChangHTandMingTianlusystemproceededfrom
classicaltaxonomy, whichmeanthemacro-morphologyof
plantwasconsideredasmajorclassificationcharacteristicto
identifythespeciesofsect.Paracameliaandtaxonomicstudy.
Itlimitedandinfluencedtheclassificationofsect.Paracamel-
liaandtheapplicationofspecies.Therefore, tofindnewevi-
denceforthetaxonomyhasbecomeanurgenttask.Asspe-
cialreproductionorganofangiosperm, fruithadstableinherit-
ancematerwithinthecelanditsmorphologyindicatorwas
noteasilyaffectedbyenvironment.AccordingtoChangHT
system, tenkindsofplantsofsect.Paracameliaofgenus
Cameliawereselected, andMVSPsoftwarewasappliedto
domaincomponentanalysisofsect.Paracameliaforthe
studyoffruitautopsycharacteristics, whichprovidedtheoreti-
calbasisforthedevelopmentandapplicationofplantsof
sect.Paracamelia.
MaterialsandMethods
Materials
Tenspeciesofsect.ParacameliaofgenusCamelia
wereselectedfrom JinghuaInternationalCameliaSpecies
GardeninZhejiangProvince(InternationalCameliaSpecies
Garden, ICSG, 29°7′N, 119°35′S, 40m).3 to5 fruitsof
eachspecieswereselectedforrepetitivetest.Theclassifica-
tionwasaccordingtoChangHTclassificationsystem[ 4] .
SpecimenswerestoredinZhejiangNormalUniversitySpeci-
menMuseum(Table1).
AgriculturalScience＆Technology, 2011, 12(5):643-646
Copyright 2011, InformationInstituteofHAAS.Alrightsreserved. AgriculturalBasicScienceandMethod
DOI :10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2011.05.026
Table1　Thevouchersofstudiedsect.ParacameliaspeciesOrder
No. sect.Paracamelia No.ofsample Date
1 C.obtusifolia J.B.Shen200701122701 2007, 11
2 C.miyagi J.B.Shen200701123001 2007, 11
3 C.grijsi J.B.Shen200701122001 2007, 11
4 C.confusa J.B.Shen200612232201 2006, 12
5 C.kissi J.B.Shen200701122302 2007, 11
6 C.shensiensis J.B.Shen200701122901 2007, 11
7 C.teni X.Y.Lin200701283102 2007, 12
8 C.phaeoclada J.B.Shen200701123602 2007, 11
9 C.yuhsienensis J.B.Shen200701122102 2007, 11
10 C.fluviatilis X.Y.Lin200701282401 2007, 12
Method
Conventionalparafinslicesproducingmethodwasap-
pliedtomakefruitsections.Thefruitautopsycharacteristics
wereobservedunderMoticdigitalmicroscopeandpictures
weretaken.The19 propertiessuchasthethicknessoftotal
fruitskin, exocarp, mesocarpandendocarp, celcoefi-
cient[ 20] andcuticulaofexocarpetc.wereconsideredasthe
characteristicsforstudy.Thequantitativepropertywasex-
pressedbyzero(no)orone(yes).Thequalitativeproperty
tookrepetitiveaveragevalue.MVSPwasusedtodomain
componentanalysistotenspecies.
ResultandAnalyses
Fruitautopsycharacteristicsunderopticalmicroscope
Theobservationofthecrosssectionofmaturedfruit
(Fig.1)indicatedthatthefruitcelofsect.Paracamelialines
closely, whichcandistinctlydividedasexocarp, mesocarp
andendocarpthreelayers.Thedensityofeachlayerwasdif-
ferent.Theexocarpwasthin.TheC.obtusifolia, C.miyagi,
C.teniandC.phaeocladawerecomposedbyonelayerofflat
exocarpandotherswerecomposedbytwolayerscels.Be-
sidesofthewaxlayerintheexocarpofC.phaeocladaand
C.yuhsienensis, otherspeciesdidnothavethestructure.
Themesocarpwaswide, andfulofunevenparenchymacels
inmultiplecolumns.Lotsofparenchymacelsexpandedin
twoforms.Onewasthattheparenchymacelsaroundthe
stonecelexpandedmoreinlongitudinaldirectionandlessin
horizontaldirection, formingvascularbundlesheath;theother
kindwasinovalformafterawayfromtheparenchymacelsof
stonecels.Therewereabundantstonecelsinthefruitskin
ofmaturedset.Paracamela;Stonecelswasthesclerenchy-
matouscelformedbycelwalseceondarythickening.The
sclerenchymatouscelcontinuedtothickenwiththecelcon-
tentdisappearing, formingsolidbody.Thestoneceldistribu-
tedsparselyinthesect.Paracamela, anddistributedingen-
eraldensityinC.miyagi, C.confuse, C.teni, andC.yuh-
sienensis, andmorecloseinotherspecies.Thesize, shape
ofparenchymacelsshowedcertaindifferencesfromthoseof
stonecelsinsect.Paracamelia.Thestonecelhadsame
longitudeorlongercel, someinirregularbranchstarshape,
andsomelonger.Vascularbundlesheathwascommonly
seeninthecrosssection.Theendocarpwasalsonamedas
theabaxialepidermisofpeel, lignifications, anditoftensepa-
ratedfromfleshwhenfruitmatured.Theseedsandendocarp
didnotconnectandwereeasilyseparated.
TheassignedcodesarethesameasinTable1.EX:epicarp;EN:Endocarp;V:vascularbundle;SC:stonecels;PA:parenchyma.
Scalebarwas50μm.Fig.1　Crosssectionsoffruitsofsect.Paracamelia, genusCamelia
644 AgriculturalScience＆TechnologyVol.12, No.5, 2011
Table2　ThedatamatrixusedPCA
Taxon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Totalthicknessofpeels∥mm 52 64 71 89 73 94 103 100 110 114
Layerofepicarp 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2
Thicknessofepicarp∥mm 0.8 0.7 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.5 0.7 1.5 2.1 1.6
Thicknessofmesocarp∥mm 56.4 60.9 58.7 64.8 64.7 78.2 85.7 75.5 96.4 90.0
Thicknessofendocarp∥mm 3.0 3.0 10.9 2.2 2.1 5.2 3.4 6.6 14.1 5.9
Longitudeofmaximumstonecel∥mm 13.3 22.7 16.6 31.0 27.6 16.4 22.5 37.8 53.0 26.4
Maximumstoneceldiameter∥mm 3.2 3.9 4.0 4.1 8.3 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.0
Maximumstonecelcircumference∥mm 31.3 54.7 32.9 63.0 71.9 36.6 36.6 49.8 121 58.2
Areaofmaximumstonecel∥mm2 11.8 14.0 10.3 19.4 17.7 47.1 25.8 29.5 24.4 21.0
Longitudeofmaximumstonecel 0.23 0.17 0.24 0.13 0.30 0.29 0.21 0.13 0.08 0.15
Coeficientofmaximumstonecel 0.19 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.56 0.31 0.19 0.03 0.10
Maximumdiameterofparenchymacel∥mm 2.7 3.1 2.9 4.4 2.9 5.2 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.5
Maximumlengthofparenchymacel∥mm 5.0 5.7 4.7 4.7 6.7 9.5 6.8 7.2 7.0 5.8
Maximumcircumferenceofparenchymacel∥mm 13.1 14.2 12.1 15.9 16.7 26.0 19.6 20.4 18.9 17.0
Maximumareaofparenchymacel∥mm2 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.8
Longitudeanddiameterratioofparenchymacel 0.55 0.55 0.61 0.94 0.43 0.55 0.65 0.64 0.60 0.78
Coeficientofparenchymacel 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.10 0.09 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10
Stoneceldensity 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0
Corneuminexocarpornot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
TheassignedcodesarethesameasinTable1.
Fig.2　PCAscaterdiagramof10 speciesrepresentingsect.
Paracameliabasedon19fruitanatomicalcharacters
Maincomponentanalysisbasedonfruitautopsystruc-
turecharacteristics
Maincomponentanalysiswascariedoutbasedonten
speciesinsect.Paracamelia(Fig.2).Thespeciesofthe
sect.Paracameliadistributeddispersedlyinthemaincompo-
nentanalysispicture(Fig.2).Thedistancebetweenspecies
weregreater, therelationshipbetweenspeciesisfarther.This
resultdidntsupporttocombinatepartialspeciesinsect.Pa-
racameliaproposedbyMingTianlu.
Discussions
Combinationofsect.Paracameliaspeciesandthedevel-
opmentsignificanceofspecies
Basedontheglanddistributionintheleaflowerepidermis
ofC.shensiensis, C.grijisi, andC.yuhsienensis, MingTial-
lu[1] integratedtheC.grijsiintotheC.yuhsienensis, trans-
formedC.shensiensisasavarietyofC.yuhsienensis.Ac-
cordingtothemolecularstudyofcamelianrITSsequenceby
Vijayan[ 2] , thegeneticdistancebetweenC.shensiensisand
C.yuhsienensiswaslarge, andthetwoshouldnotbeintegrat-
ed.Ourresultssuggestedthatthereweredistinctdiferences
abouttheexocarpcel, endocarpcelstructure, andstonecel
densityaswelasfruitskindensityamongthosethreespe-
cies.Thus, thecombinationofthethreewasnotsupported.
Besides, themaincomponentanalysisresultalsosuggested
thatthedistanceamongC.shensiensis, C.grijsi, andC.yuh-
sienensiswaslargeanditwasntnaturaltocombinatethose.
Judgingfrom thechromosomenumberofC.shensiensis,
C.grijsi, andC.yuhsienensis, bothdiploidandhexaploidex-
isted[ 22] .Thus, supportfromcytologyshalnotbeobtained.
C.yuhsienensisisidealforoil-bearing, whileC.shensiensis
andC.grijsishalnotbeinlarge-scalecultivationasC.yuh-
sienensis, whichmightafectfarmersincome.Thecomposi-
tionofoilcontentandfatacidinC.grijsiandC.shensiensis,
andthebiochemicalindicatorofiodinevalueandsaponifica-
tionvalueneededfurtherdetermination.
MingTianlu[ 1] thoughtthatthediferencebetweenC.con-
fusaandC.kissilayinthewiderleavesandlargerflowersof
C.confusa.Nomateraccordingtothemorphologycharacter-
isticsordistributionrules, theproofforC.confusatobeone
specieswasinadequate.Thus, C.confusewasconsidereda
variantofC.kissi.LinXiuyanetal.[ 19] studiedthecharacter-
isticsofleavesautopsyofC.confusaandC.kissi.There
werediferencesinthecharacteristicsofbladethickness, the
ratioofupperandlowerepidermisthicknessintheleavesand
petiolesarehairy.Thus, theydidnotsupportthecombination
ofthesetwo.Thestudyresultsuggestedthatthedifference
betweenC.confusaandC.kissiwasdistinctandthecombi-
nationwasunnatural.However, thereweremixingspeciesin
themarket.Wesuggestedtoseparatethetwospeciesandto
evaluatetheirdevelopmentvalue, respectively.
Significanceoffruitautopsycharacteristicsinsystem
classificationandspeciesresourcesdevelopment
GenusCameliagroupshadsimilarpropertiesandtheir
propertiesweresometimesstrong continuity, andthose
sometimescrossed.ChangHTsetupsect.Paracameliaon
thebasisofthecharacteristicsofsmalflower, smalfruitand
shortstamenetc.Thedescriptionintheclassificationsystem
ofcurrentcameliawasblurandthelimitationbetweenthe
specieswasunclear.Therefore, intheidentificationofreal
samples, itwasdificulttomasterthescaleofspeciesand
thereweremanymistakenidentification, whichbroughtdiffi-
cultiestothereasonabledevelopmentofsect.Paracamelia.
Therewerecertaindifferencesinthecharacteristicsofsect.
Paracameliainthepeel, mesocarp, endocarpandstonecel
645HONGSi-sietal.FruitAnatomyofsect.ParacameliawithReferencetoTheirSignificanceofGermplasmResourcesExploitation
etc., whichwasconsideredasonereferencepropertyofthe
classificationofsect.Paracamelia.Therefore, itwasneces-
sarytoreplenishandenrichtheautopsyclassificationproperty
ofcameliaplants.Theautopsycharacteristicsoffruithadcer-
tainsignificancetothediscussionoffamiliarityamongspecies.
Inthemeantime, itprovidedtheoreticalbasisforthedevelop-
mentofoil-bearingcropsofsect.Paracamelia.
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Responsibleeditor:FANNa-na Responsibleproofreader:WUXiao-yan
短柱茶组果实解剖特征研究及主成分分析(摘要)
洪思思 ,张斯敏 ,楼 嘉 ,张 薇 ,吕洪飞 ,廖芳蕾＊　(浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院 ,浙江金华 321004)
[目的]为山茶属(Camellia)短柱组(sect.Paracamelia)的系统分类获得新的系统学证据。
[方法]对短柱茶组 10种植物进行了果实解剖特征研究 ,并应用MVSP软件对短柱茶组进行了主成分分析。
[结果]外果皮很薄;中果皮宽广 ,为多列薄壁细胞 ,并有大量石细胞;内果皮木质化 ,极易与种子分离。主成分分析表明 ,物种之间的距离较
远 ,显示出物种之间的较远亲缘关系;不支持闵天禄将长瓣短柱茶(C.grijsi)归并入攸县油茶(C.yuhsienensis),也不支持将陕西短柱茶
(C.shensiensis)作为攸县油茶变种;小果短柱茶(C.confusa)与落瓣短柱茶(C.kiss)之间差异很显著 ,将其合并是不自然的。
[结论]为短柱茶组植物资源的开发和应用提供了理论依据。
关键词　山茶属;短柱茶组;果实解剖;分类;种质资源
基金项目　金华市科技局一般项目(2009-2-020)。
作者简介　洪思思(1985-),女 ,浙江台州人,硕士 ,从事山茶分类与应用研究 , E-mail:xihanlianzicao@ 126.com。 ＊通讯作者 ,讲师 ,博士,从事植物
生殖生物学研究 , E-mail:fangleiliao@zjnu.cn。
收稿日期　2011-04-25　　修回日期　2011-05-20
646 AgriculturalScience＆TechnologyVol.12, No.5, 2011