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盆架树中单萜吲哚生物碱成分的分离与结构鉴定



全 文 :收稿日期:2013-07-18 接受日期:2014-02-12
基金项目:贵州省科技厅农业攻关项目(2011-3094) ;黔科合人才
团队项目(2010-4008)
* 通讯作者 Tel:86-851-3854677;E-mail:yujp666666@ 163. com
天然产物研究与开发 Nat Prod Res Dev 2014,26:361-363
文章编号:1001-6880(2014)3-0363-03
盆架树中单萜吲哚生物碱成分的分离与结构鉴定
郭 峰1,2,郁建平1* ,张 于2,苑春茂2,何红平2
1贵州大学生命科学学院,贵阳 550025;
2中国科学院昆明植物研究所 植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室,云南 昆明 650201
摘 要:本文对夹竹桃科盆架树属盆架树(Winchia calophylla A. DC.)小枝的化学成分进行了研究,从其甲醇提
取物中分离得到 4 个单萜吲哚生物碱。采用波谱技术并结合文献分别鉴定为 echitamidine、17-O-acetyl-Nb-dem-
ethylechitamine、Nb-demethylechitamine、Nb-demethylechitamine N-oxide。
关键词:夹竹桃科;盆架树;化学成分;单萜吲哚生物碱
中图分类号:R284. 2 文献标识码:A
The Isolation and Structural Identification of Monoterpenoid
Indole Alkaloids from Winchia calophylla
GUO Feng1,2,YU Jian-ping1* ,ZHANG Yu2,YUAN Chun-mao2,HE Hong-ping2
1College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;2State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and
Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China
Abstract:Winchia calophylla A. DC. (Apocynaceae)as a traditional medicinal plant is mainly distributed in Yunnan
and Hainan Province of China,India,Myanmar and Indonesia. The stem barks were used for the treatment of chronic tra-
cheits in Dai Nationality in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province of China. In order to find the compounds with good biologi-
cal activity,the chemical constituents research of the twigs of the titled plant was presented in this paper. Four monoter-
penoid indole alkaloids were isolated from the methanol extracts. They were identified as echitamidine,17-O-acetyl-Nb-
demethylechitamine,Nb-demethylechitamine,and Nb-demethylechitamine N-oxide by using the spectroscopic technique
and comparing with the literatures.
Key words:Apocynaceae;Winchia calophylla;chemical constituents;monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
盆架树(Winchia calophylla A. DC.)是夹竹桃科
盆架树属植物,该属植物两种,分布于中国、印度、缅
甸和印度尼西亚等地。我国产一种,分布于云南和
海南[1]。据文献报道,盆架树中的生物碱以单萜吲
哚生物碱为主,另见报道有三萜和单萜及其苷类
等[2-4]。单萜吲哚生物碱具有良好的生理活性,例如
有抗肿瘤活性的长春碱、具有脑保护作用的长春胺、
降压良药利血平以及抗抑郁制剂依波加因等[5]。
为了寻找结构新颖和活性较好的单萜吲哚生物碱,
本研究对采自云南西双版纳的盆架树小枝的甲醇提
取物的氯仿萃取部分的化学成分进行了初步的研
究,通过核磁共振和质谱等波谱解析手段以及参考
相关文献,报道从中分离鉴定的 4 个单萜吲哚生物
碱。
1 材料与仪器
1. 1 材料
盆架树小枝于 2012 年 8 月采自云南省西双版
纳,经中科院西双版纳植物园张顺成老师鉴定为夹
竹桃科盆架树属植物盆架树(Winchia calophylla) ,
样品标本(H20120802)存放于中国科学院昆明植物
研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点
实验室。
1. 2 仪器
Bruker AM-400、DRX-500 和 Avance III-600 核
磁共振仪,以 TMS 作为内标;ESI 质谱由 Waters
2695HPLC-Thermofinnigan LCQ Advantage 离子阱质
谱仪测定;高效液相为 Agilent 1100 和 1200,色谱柱
为 Eclipse XDB-C18;Sephadex LH-20 为 Pharmacia
公司的产品;反相填充材料 Lichroprep RP-18 gel(20
~ 45 μm)为德国默克公司的产品;柱色谱和薄层色
谱硅胶均为 GF254型青岛海洋化工厂的产品。显色
剂为配制好的碘化铋钾溶液。
2 提取与分离
盆架树小枝(13 Kg)粉碎后,经甲醇回流提取 3
次,提取时间分别为 4,3,3 h,减压蒸馏回收甲醇得
到浸膏,将浸膏加水稀释后用盐酸调 pH 值 2-3,石
油醚和乙酸乙酯分别萃取 3 次,再用氢氧化钠调 pH
值 9-10,氯仿萃取 3 次,得总碱约 200 g。总碱部分
(200 g)经硅胶柱层析、反相 RP-18 柱层析、Sepha-
dex LH-20 以及 HPLC 等各种分离纯化手段得到化
合物 1(29. 6 mg) ,2(4. 6 mg) ,3(23. 4 mg)和 4
(26. 5 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物 1 淡黄色油状液体,分子式为 C20 H24
N2O3;ESI
+ -MS m/z 341[M + H]+;1H NMR (400
MHz,CDCl3)δ (ppm) :8. 61 (1H,br s,NH) ,7. 16
(1H,d,J = 7. 4 Hz,H-9) ,7. 12 (1H,td,J = 7. 4,
1. 0 Hz,H-11) ,6. 90 (1H,t,J = 7. 4 Hz,H-10) ,
6. 82 (1H,br d,J = 7. 4 Hz,H-12) ,3. 86 (1H,s,H-
3) ,3. 85 (3H,s,OMe) ,3. 29 (1H,d,J = 2. 0 Hz,
H-15) ,3. 24 (1H,dq,J = 9. 2,6. 2 Hz,H-19) ,3. 05
(1H,m,H-5a) ,2. 78 ~ 2. 89 (3H,m,H-5b,6a,21a) ,
2. 00 (1H,dt,J = 13. 0,2. 6 Hz,H-14a) ,1. 90 (1H,
br t,J = 12. 6 Hz,H-21b) ,1. 81 (1H,m,H-6b) ,
1. 73 (1H,m,H-20) ,1. 38 (1H,dt,J = 13. 0,2. 6
Hz,H-14b) ,1. 13 (3H,d,J = 6. 2 Hz,H-18)。13 C
NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ (ppm) :172. 3 (C-17) ,
168. 9 (C-2) ,143. 7 (C-13) ,135. 6 (C-8) ,127. 6
(C-11) ,121. 4 (C-9) ,119. 8 (C-10) ,109. 6 (C-
12) ,96. 8 (C-16) ,68. 4 (C-19) ,60. 9 (C-3) ,57. 1
(C-7) ,54. 1 (C-5) ,51. 9 (OMe-17) ,48. 1 (C-21) ,
45. 8 (C-20) ,43. 5 (C-6) ,31. 0 (C-14) ,28. 8 (C-
15) ,19. 8 (C-18) ,以上数据与文献[6-7]的波谱数据
基本一致,可鉴定化合物 1 为 echitamidine。
化合物 2 淡黄色固体,分子式为 C23H28N2O5;
ESI + -MS m/z 413[M + H]+;1H NMR (600 MHz,
CDCl3)δ (ppm) :7. 66 (1H,d,J = 7. 6 Hz,H-9) ,
7. 02 (1H,t,J = 7. 6 Hz,H-11) ,6. 73 (1H,t,J =
7. 6 Hz,H-10) ,6. 53 (1H,d,J = 7. 6 Hz,H-12) ,
5. 57 (1H,q,J = 6. 9 Hz,H-19) ,4. 77 (1H,d,J =
12. 3 Hz,H-17a) ,4. 58 (1H,d,J = 15. 5 Hz,H-
21a) ,4. 38 (1H,dd,J = 10. 1,4. 9 Hz,H-3) ,3. 83
(1H,d,J = 5. 4 Hz,H-15) ,3. 78 (3H,s,OMe) ,
3. 61 (1H,d,J = 12. 3 Hz,H-17b) ,3. 39 (1H,m,H-
5a) ,3. 27 (1H,d,J = 15. 5 Hz,H-21b) ,3. 00 (1H,
dd,J = 11. 5,8. 3 Hz,H-5b) ,2. 50 (1H,ddd,J =
15. 6,10. 1,5. 4 Hz,H-14a) ,2. 36 (1H,dt,J =
13. 8,8. 3 Hz,H-6a) ,2. 13 (1H,dt,J = 13. 8,8. 3
Hz,H-6b) ,2. 03 (3H,s,OAc-Me) ,1. 79 (3H,dd,J
= 6. 9,1. 5 Hz,H-18) ,1. 69 (1H,dd,J = 15. 6,4. 9
Hz,H-14b)。13C NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3)δ (ppm) :
172. 9 (C-22) ,170. 3 (OAc-17) ,148. 0 (C-13) ,
134. 3 (C-20) ,129. 8 (C-8) ,129. 5 (C-11) ,128. 0
(C-9) ,126. 9 (C-19) ,120. 0 (C-10) ,111. 2 (C-
12) ,97. 6 (C-2) ,67. 7 (C-3) ,66. 7 (C-17) ,60. 1
(C-7) ,56. 4 (C-21) ,54. 0 (C-16) ,53. 0 (C-5) ,
52. 5 (COOMe-22) ,44. 7 (C-6) ,36. 2 (C-15) ,31. 6
(C-14) ,21. 0 (OAc-17) ,15. 2 (C-18) ,以上数据与
文献[7-8]的波谱数据基本一致,可鉴定化合物 2 为
17-O-acetyl-Nb-demethylechitamine。
化合物 3 白色针状晶体,分子式为 C21 H26
N2O4;ESI
+ -MS m/z 371[M + H]+;1H NMR (400
MHz,CD3OD)δ (ppm) :7. 69 (1H,d,J = 7. 8 Hz,
H-9) ,6. 95 (1H,t,J = 7. 8 Hz,H-11) ,6. 61 (1H,t,
J = 7. 8 Hz,H-10) ,6. 48 (1H,d,J = 7. 8 Hz,H-
12) ,5. 41 (1H,q,J = 6. 9 Hz,H-19) ,4. 19 ~ 4. 26
(2H,m,H-3,21a) ,4. 10 (1H,d,J = 11. 8 Hz,H-
17a) ,3. 85 (1H,d,J = 5. 0 Hz,H-15) ,3. 77 (3H,
s,OCH3) ,3. 30 (1H,d,J = 11. 8 Hz,H-17b) ,2. 98
(1H,d,J = 16. 0 Hz,H-21b) ,2. 73 (1H,dd,J =
11. 8,8. 4 Hz,H-5a) ,2. 58 (1H,ddd,J = 15. 2,
11. 0,5. 0 Hz,H-14a) ,2. 09 (1H,m,H-6a) ,1. 92
(1H,dd,J = 13. 3,7. 8 Hz,H-6b) ,1. 78 (3H,dd,J
= 6. 9,1. 8 Hz,H-18) ,1. 51 (1H,dd,J = 15. 2,5. 0
Hz,H-14b)。13C NMR (100 MHz,CD3OD)δ (ppm) :
176. 2 (C-22) ,150. 6 (C-13) ,141. 0 (C-20) ,132. 4
(C-8) ,129. 1(C-9) ,128. 5 (C-11) ,123. 9 (C-19) ,
119. 0 (C-10) ,110. 4 (C-12) ,96. 3 (C-2) ,70. 0 (C-
3) ,67. 1 (C-17) ,62. 4 (C-16) ,58. 2 (C-21) ,57. 8
(C-7) ,55. 0 (C-5) ,52. 0 (OCH3-22) ,47. 6 (C-6) ,
36. 4 (C-15) ,33. 6 (C-14) ,15. 3 (C-18) ,以上数据
与文献[9]的波谱数据基本一致,可鉴定化合物 3 为
Nb-demethylechitamine。
263 天然产物研究与开发 Vol. 26
化合物 4 白色针状晶体,分子式为 C21 H26
N2O5;ESI
+ -MS m/z 387[M + H]+;1H NMR (400
MHz,CD3OD)δ (ppm) :7. 72 (1H,d,J = 7. 2 Hz,
H-9) ,7. 07 (1H,t,J = 7. 2 Hz,H-11) ,6. 71 (1H,t,
J = 7. 2 Hz,H-10) ,6. 70 (1H,d,J = 7. 2 Hz,H-
12) ,5. 79 (1H,q,J = 6. 9 Hz,H-19) ,4. 76 (1H,d,
J = 15. 0 Hz,H-21a) ,4. 51 (1H,dd,J = 11. 0,5. 5
Hz,H-3) ,4. 13 (1H,d,J = 15. 0 Hz,H-21b) ,4. 04
(1H,d,J = 4. 6 Hz,H-15) ,3. 95 (1H,d,J = 11. 9
Hz,H-17a) ,3. 82 (3H,s,OCH3) ,3. 40 (1H,dd,J =
12. 4,8. 0 Hz,H-5a) ,3. 26 (3H,d,J = 11. 9 Hz,H-
17b) ,2. 72 (1H,ddd,J = 15. 2,11. 0,5. 5 Hz,H-
14a) ,2. 31 (1H,dt,J = 14. 2,8. 0Hz,H-6a) ,2. 04
(1H,dd,J = 14. 2,8. 0 Hz,H-6b) ,1. 85 (3H,dd,J
= 6. 9,2. 0 Hz,H-18) ,1. 71 (1H,dd,J = 15. 2,4. 6
Hz,H-14b)。13C NMR (100 MHz,CD3OD)δ (ppm) :
174. 8 (C-22) ,149. 3 (C-13) ,134. 0 (C-8) ,131. 4
(C-20) ,130. 1 (C-11) ,129. 4 (C-9) ,127. 9 (C-
19) ,120. 1 (C-10) ,110. 7 (C-12) ,99. 7 (C-2) ,
74. 4 (C-21) ,71. 5 (C-3) ,67. 1 (C-5) ,66. 6 (C-
17) ,59. 6 (C-16) ,56. 9 (C-7) ,52. 4 (OCH3-22) ,
41. 3 (C-6) ,36. 6 (C-15) ,33. 1 (C-14) ,15. 3 (C-
18) ,以上数据与文献[9]的波谱数据基本一致,可鉴
定化合物 4 为 Nb-demethylechitamine N-oxide。
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363Vol. 26 郭 峰等:盆架树中单萜吲哚生物碱成分的分离与结构鉴定