全 文 ：CompositionofEssentialOilsofMorusalbaLeaves
andChamaecyparispisiferaOuterHeartwood
LIUZhi-ming1＊ , WANGHai-ying2 , WANGFang2 , PANXiao-xing2 , TIANBu2
1.KeyLaboratoryofBio-basedMaterialScienceandTechnologyofMinistryofEducation, ColegeofMaterialScienceandEngineering,
NortheastForestryUniversity, Harbin150040;2.ColegeofForestry, NortheastForestryUniversity, Harbin150040
Abstract　[ Objective] TheaimwastoexplorethecompositionofessentialoilsofMorusalbaleavesandChamaecyparispisiferaouterheart-
wood.[ Method] TheessentialoilsofM.albaleavesandC.pisiferaouterheartwoodwereanalyzedbygaschromatography-massspectrome-
try, respectively.[ Result] Alcohols[ phytol(59.47%, extracted3hforM.albaleaves), α-cadinol(38.77%, extracted6hforC.pisiferaouter
heartwood)] weretheirfirstprincipalvolatilecomponents.Phytolwasusualyusedaspharmaceuticalrawmaterialandα-cadinolwasakindofactiveorganiccompoundwithantibacterialfunction.[ Conclusion] TheessentialoilsofM.albaleavesandC.pisiferaouterheartwoodwith
hydrodistilationhavemedicinalvalue.
Keywords　Morusalba;Chamaecyparispisifera;Essentialoil;Gaschromatography-massspectrometry
Received:October22, 2010　　Accepted:November9, 2010
SupportedbytheForestryDepartmentofHeilongjiangProvinceSci-
enceandTechnologyPromotionProject(01043208003);Students
InnovativePilotProject(10102250107).
＊Corespondingauthor.E-mail:zhimingliuwhy@126.com
　　MorusalbaL.(Moraceae)andChamaecyparispisifera
(Sieb.etZucc.)Endl.(Cupressaceae)arecultivatedas
medicinalandaromaticplantsinChina.TheleavesofM.al-
baareoneoftraditionalChineseherbmedicine, whilethe
leavesofC.pisiferahaveantibacterialefect, especialy, the
outerheartwoodofC.pisiferahasbetternaturaldurabili-
ty[ 1-7] .Thevolatilecomponentsofaromaticplantsarebene-
ficialtohumanhealth, whiletheessentialoilsofaromatic
plantsbecomepopulargreenproductsandaresuitablefor
peoplesdemandofreturningtonature.Asforthevolatile
componentsofessentialoilsofaromaticplants, differentre-
searchershaddiferentmajorcompoundsintheirresearch
resultsbecauseoftheirsamplesdifferentgrowingsites,
samplingandanalyzingmethodsetc..Forexample, there-
searchresultsshowedthathexadecylalcohol, anethol, orn-
octadecaneisseparatelythefirstprincipalvolatileconstitu-
entsfordiferentresearchers[ 8-10] .
Theaimofthisstudywastodevelopanevaluationonthe
comparisonwithvolatilecomponentsofessentialoilsfrom
M.albaleavesandC.pisiferaouterheartwoodwithhydrodis-
tilationsoastofindnovelbeneficialcompoundsandprovide
basisforthedevelopmentandutilizationofaromaticplants
(M.albaandC.pisifera).
MaterialsandMethods
Materials
TheleavesofM.alba(threeyearsold, graftedseed-
lings)werecolectedinJuly, 2009 fromGannanForestMul-
berryIndustryScienceandTechnologyDemonstrationField,
Qiqihar, HeilongjiangProvince.C.pisiferawascolectedin
August, 2004fromJiuhuaForestofZhushanCounty, Shiyan,
HubeiProvince.Voucherspecimenswereidentifiedbyprofes-
sorMULi-qiang(ColegeofForestryofNortheastForestry
University)anddepositedinSericulturalResearchInstituteof
HeilongjiangProvinceofChinaandForestPlantResources
ScienceHerbarium, ColegeofForestryofNortheastForestry
UniversityofChina, respectively.
Methods
Isolationofessentialoils　FreshwholeleavesofM.alba
samples(600 g)orC.pisiferaouterheartwoodpowders
(200 g, passingthrough2 mmsieves)werehydrodistiledin
5Lglassapparatusfor3 h(3, 6, 9 h, respectively, for
C.pisiferaouterheartwoodpowders), andthenextracted
with20 mlether.Theetherphasewasdriedwithanhydrous
sodiumsulfatefor15 min, andthentheanhydroussodium
sulfatewasremovedandthedriedetherphasewasplacedin
40 ℃waterbathtoevaporateethersolvent.Finaly, thepale-
yelowcoloressentialoilwasobtained, respectively.
Gaschromatography-massspectrometryanalysis　M.al-
baleavesandC.pisiferaouterheartwoodessentialoils(0.04
g/ml, inn-hexane)analyseswerecarriedoutusingGC-MS
6890N-5973 insert(Agilent, USA), DB-17MScapilarycol-
umn(30m ×0.25mm ×0.25 m), FIDdetector.Analyzing
conditionswereasfolows:Thetemperatureprogramswere
60 ℃ (4 min)to250 ℃ (5 minforM.albaleavesessential
oilsample, while2 minforC.pisiferaouterheartwoodessen-
tialoilsample)atarateof5 ℃/min.Theinjectortemperature
was260℃, theinjectionvolumewas1.0μl, splitless, carrier
gas, Heatarateof1ml/min;temperatureofMStransferline
was280 ℃, EIwas70 eV.Ionsourcetemperaturewas230
℃, andscanrangewas15-260 amu.
ResultsandAnalysis
Theidentificationofthevolatileconstituentsofessential
oilsfromM.albaleavesandC.pisiferaouterheartwoodwas
carriedoutbycomparisonoftheirretentiontime, andcomput-
erNISTlibrariesaswelastheliterature.Therelativecon-
tentsofalcompoundswerecalculatedwiththeareanormali-
zationmethod.ThecomponentsoftheessentialoilsofM.al-
baleavesandC.pisiferaouterheartwoodwerereportedin
Table1 andTable2.
ThemainconstituentsofessentialoilofM.albaleaves
werephytol(59.47%), cetylicacid(10.38%)andhexa-
hydrofarnesylacetone(9.05%).Phytolwasthefirstprincipal
AgriculturalScience＆Technology, 2010, 11(8):7-9
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volatilecomponent.
Table1　MajorvolatilecomponentsofessentialoilofM.albaleaves
Compound Retentiontime∥min Relativecontent∥%
Hexahydrofarnesyl 29.128 9.05acetone
Heneicosane 32.138 0.79
Cetylicacid 32.418 10.38
Phytol 34.555 59.47
Dibutylphthalate 35.202 0.85
Eicosane 35.483 1.12
Heptadecane 35.709 1.17
Pentacosane 38.979 2.04
Heptacosane 42.021 2.34
　　Theidentificationofthevolatileconstituentsofessentialoil
ofC.pisiferaouterheartwoodofretentiontime27.292, 27.309
and27.335 minwerebasedoncomparisonoftheirretention
timeandmassspectrawiththoseobtainedfromtheNISTlibrar-
iesandtheliterature[ 11] , therelativecontentsofalcompounds
werecalculatedbytheareanormalizationmethod.Themain
constituentsofessentialoilofC.pisiferaouterheartwoodwith3
hofhydrodistilationwereα-cadinol(42.35%), τ-muurolol
(19.37%), (+)-epi-bicyclosesquiphelandrene(11.72%), co-
paene(7.92%).Themainconstituentsofessentialoilof
C.pisiferaouterheartwoodwith6 hofhydrodistilationwere
α-cadinol(38.77%), τ-muurolol(18.18%), (+)-epi-bicyclos-
esquiphelandrene(11.85%), copaene(7.78%).Themain
constituentsofessentialoilofC.pisiferaouterheartwoodwith9
hofhydrodistilationwereα-cadinol(34.26%), (+)-epi-bicy-
closesquiphelandrene(11.44%), copaene(7.50%).There-
sultsshowedthat6 hofhydrodistilationwasoptimalconditions
forC.pisiferaessentialoil, andα-cadinolwasthefirstprinci-
palvolatilecomponentofessentialoilofC.pisiferaouterhe-
artwoodwith6hofhydrodistilation.Ourpreviousresearchre-
sultsshowedthatγ-muurolenewasthefirstcommonprincipal
volatilecomponentofhexaneanddichloromethanerespective-
lyextractivesofC.pisiferaouterheartwood[ 12-13].
Table2　MajorvolatilecomponentsofessentialoilofC.pisiferaouterheartwood
Compound
Essentialoil(3h)
Retention
time∥min
Relative
content∥%
Essentialoil(6h)
Retention
time∥min
Relative
content∥%
Essentialoil(9h)
Retention
time∥min
Relative
content∥%
γ-Muurolene 21.553 0.73 21.553 1.29 21.553 1.96
α-Muurolene 22.228 0.93 22.228 1.76 22.228 2.42
γ-Cadinene 22.773 2.31 22.782 3.83 22.782 5.26
δ-Cadinene 22.929 0.98 22.929 1.01 22.929 2.62
Calamenene - - 23.717 0.68 23.708 0.99
Cadina-1(2), 4-diene 26.244 3.35 25.872 1.00 25.863 1.07
α-Cubebene 26.443 0.87 26.443 0.57 - -
Copaene 27.075 7.92 27.084 7.78 27.092 7.50
γ-Eudesmol - - 26.521 0.59 26.530 0.97
(+)-epi-Bicyclosesquiphelandrene 26.755 11.72 26.764 11.85 26.763 11.44
Cadalene 28.633 0.76 28.633 1.27 28.633 1.51
τ-Muurolol 26.867 19.37 26.876 18.18 - -
α-cadinol 27.292 42.35 27.309 38.77 27.335 34.26
Ledol - - 27.551 0.69 - -
Cedrenol - - - - 30.572 1.95
MS(m/z)ofretentiontime27.292, 27.309 and27.335 minare15, 29, 43, 55, 71, 81, 95, 109, 121, 137, 149, 161, 179, 189, 204, 222.
　　Thecomparisononvolatilecomponentsofessentialoils
ofM.albaleavesandC.pisiferaouterheartwoodshowed
thatalcohols(phytol, α-cadinol)weretheirfirstprincipalvola-
tilecomponent.Phytolwasoftenusedforflavorandmedicinal
rawmaterials, whileα-cadinolwasakindofantibacterialcom-
poundwithpotentialdevelopment[ 14-15].Themechanism of
essentialoilfromM.albaleavesandC.pisiferaouterheart-
woodseparatelyshouldbefurtherinvestigatedonhuman
health.
Conclusions
Thecomparisononthevolatilecomponentsofessential
oilsofM.albaleavesandC.pisiferaouterheartwoodshowed
thatalcohols(phytol, α-cadinol)weretheirfirstprincipalvola-
tilecomponents.Themainconstituentsofessentialoilof
M.albaleaveswerephytol, cetylicacid, hexahydrofarnesyl
acetone.Among3, 6 and9 hofhydrodistilation, 6 hof
hydrodistilationwastheoptimum extractionconditionsfor
C.pisiferaessentialoil.Additionaly, themainconstituentsof
essentialoilofC.pisiferaouterheartwoodwith6 hofhydro-
distilation were α-cadinol, τ-muurolol, (+)-epi-bicyclos-
esquiphelandrene, copaene.Hydrodistilationwasoneofthe
methodsbettersuitedforextractingessentialoilsfromaromatic
plants.Phytolandα-cadinolhadthepotentialmedicinalvalue.
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桑叶和日本花柏心材外缘精油的组成(摘要)
刘志明 1＊ , 王海英 2 , 王芳 2 , 潘晓星 2 , 田补 2　(1.东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验
室 ,哈尔滨 150040;2.东北林业大学林学院 ,哈尔滨 150040)
[目的]探究桑叶和日本花柏心材外缘精油的组成。
[方法]通过气相色谱-质谱分别分析了桑叶精油和日本花柏心材外缘精油的挥发性成分。
[结果]醇类[植醇(59.47%,桑叶 3h提取)、α-杜松醇(38.77%,日本花柏心材外缘 6h提取)]是它们第一挥发性主成分。植醇通常用作药
用原料 , α-杜松醇是具有抑菌功能的活性有机化合物。
[结论]水蒸馏提取的桑叶精油和日本花柏心材外缘精油具有药用价值。
关键词　桑;日本花柏;精油;气相色谱-质谱
基金项目　黑龙江省林业厅科技推广项目(01043208003)和本科生创新性实验项目(10102250107)。
作者简介　刘志明(1971-), 男 , 黑龙江明水人 , 博士 , 副教授, 从事生物质材料化学制备方面的研究。 ＊通讯作者。E-mail:zhimingliuwhy@126.
com
收稿日期　2010-10-22　　修回日期　2010-11-09
(上接第 6页)
尾叶桉和巨尾桉叶面积的测算模型研究(摘要)
朱宏光＊ ,赵金龙 ,温远光 ,侯日华　(广西大学林学院 ,广西南宁 530004)
[目的]为构建尾叶桉和巨尾桉叶面积优化测算模型。
[方法]以尾叶桉和巨尾桉为研究对象 ,对其叶面积与几个叶形特征值的相关性进行了研究。
[结果] 2个树种的叶形特征值存在一定差异 ,各自的叶面积与叶长 、叶宽、叶周长、叶长×叶宽、叶的长宽比 、形状因子等均存在显著性相关 ,
可以与叶面积构建回归模型。其中 ,利用尾叶桉和巨尾桉的叶长×叶宽值构建的 2个叶面积测算模型效果最好 , 具有较高的精度和实际应
用价值。
[结论]该研究为这 2个树种的研究提供了一种简便、有效的叶面积测算方法。
关键词　尾叶桉;巨尾桉;叶形特征值;叶面积;测算模型
基金项目　“十一五”广西重大林业科技项目(桂林科字 [ 2009]第 8号)。
作者简介　朱宏光(1962-),男 ,广西平南人,硕士 ,助理研究员 ,从事森林生态学研究。 ＊通讯作者。
收稿日期　2010-09-19　　修回日期　2010-10-19
9LIUZhi-mingetal.CompositionofEssentialOilsofMorusalbaLeavesandChamaecyparispisiferaOuterHeartwood