全 文 ：中国肿足蕨科一新记录属———翼囊蕨属*
谭运洪1，卫 然2，李剑武1，张宪春2＊＊
(1 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园，云南 勐腊 666303;2 中国科学院植物研究所系统
与进化植物学国家重点实验室，北京 100093)
摘要:报道了中国肿足蕨科一新记录属———翼囊蕨属 (Didymochlaena Desv．)。该属为泛热带分布的单型
属，在中国为首次记录。本文结合原始文献对该属及其折囊蕨种的特征进行了详细描述。
关键词:翼囊蕨;翼囊蕨属;肿足蕨科;新记录
中图分类号:Q 949 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095－0845(2015)02－135－04
Didymochlaena Desv． (Hypodematiaceae):A Newly
Ｒecorded Fern Genus to China
TAN Yun-hong1，WEI Ｒan2，LI Jian-wu1，ZHANG Xian-chun2＊＊
(1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Mengla，Yunnan 666303，China;2 State Key Laboratory
of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany，Institute of Botany，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100093，China)
Abstract:Didymochlaena Desv．，a monotypic genus placed in Hypodematiaceae with a pan-tropical distribution，is
reported new to China (Yunnan Province)in the present study． Descriptions of the specimens and brief discussions
on the systematic placement of this genus are provided．
Key words:Didymochlaena Desv．;Didymochlaena truncatula;Hypodematiaceae;New record
During the floristic surveys of the local flora
supported by the project“Theory and Practice on
Full Conservation of Ｒegional Biodiversity in
Xishungbana” in 2013，Didymochlaena truncatula
(Sw．)J． Sm．，a special fern species was collected
for the first time in China． It is the sole representa-
tive of Didymochlaena Desv．，which exhibits a pan-
tropical distribution with considerable polymorphism
(Ching，1940)．
The placement of Didymochlaena has been a
long-term subject of controversy，and remains poorly
understood (Schuettpelz and Pryer，2007)． In earli-
er classifications，Didymochlaena was considered to
be closely related to the dryopteroid ferns based on
some shared features，such as the erect rhizomes
bearing scales， petiole adaxially grooved， scales
covering the rachis and petioles，and the chromo-
some number (x= 41)(Pichi-Sermolli，1977;Try-
on and Tryon，1982;Kramer and Green，1990) ，
whereas Ching (1940，1978)treated this genus as a
segregated family Didymochlaenaceae due to its u-
nique combination of morphological characters re-
sembling Lindsaea or Sphaerostephanos． More re-
cently， molecular phylogenetic studies based on
chloroplast markers have revealed that Didymochlae-
na，Hypodematium and Leucostegia form a poorly
supported clade sister to the remainder of the eupoly-
pod I ferns (Schneider et al．，2004;Schuettpelz
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 2015，37 (2):135～138
Plant Diversity and Ｒesources DOI:10．7677 /ynzwyj201514090
＊
＊＊
Funding:National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program (08ZK121B02，08ZK111B02)and CAS 135 program (XTBG-F03)
Author for correspondence;E-mail:zhangxc@ibcas. ac. cn
Ｒeceived date:2014－06－17，Accepted date:2014－08－13
作者简介:谭运洪 (1979－)男，实验师，主要从事植物分类学与植物区系研究。E-mail:tyh@xtbg. org. cn
and Pryer，2007)，which suggests that Didymochla-
ena should be separated from Dryopteridaceae
(Smith et al．，2006;Christenhusz et al．，2011)．
However，since support for these relationships was
poor，alternative topology，that is，an isolated posi-
tion of Didymochlaena as the basalmost lineage in
eupolypod I，was also recovered (Liu et al．，2007;
Kuo et al．，2011;Ｒothfels et al．，2012)． There-
fore，additional evidence，from either more variable
plastid markers or nuclear markers，is needed in fu-
ture studies before a firm conclusion on the place-
ment of Didymochlaena can be drawn．
Didymochlaena Desv．;Berl． Mag． Naturf． 5:
303． 1811;Copel．，Gen． Fil．:112. 1 947．
翼囊蕨属
Plants terrestrial． Ｒhizomes short，ascending to
erect，scaly;scales long and narrow，almost hair-
like，entire，glabrous，concolorous，those on stipe
lacerate at margin． Lamina oblong，bipinnate with
pinnate apex，long-petiolate． Petioles with several
vascular bundles arranged in a half-circle． Pinnae
articulated，all more or less similar in size and
shape，somewhat rectangular in outline． Veins free，
forked，with thickened endings before reaching the
margin． Sori terminating a vein， indusiate，often
somewhat sunken in the blade，forming bumps on
the upper side． Indusia elliptic，elongate，rounded
at distal end，cordate at base，firm，glabrous，cen-
trally attached along a line，opening on either side．
Sporangia long-stalked． Spores monolete，ellipsoidal
to globose，tuberculate and echinate．
Pan-tropical，monotypic genus．
翼囊蕨 Fig. 1:A－J
Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw．) J． Sm．，J．
Bot． 4:196． 1841;Tardieu ＆ C． Chr．，Fl． Indo-
Chine 7 (2):331，f． 36. 4 ＆ 36. 5． 1941;Holt-
tum，Ｒev． Fl． Malaya ed． 1，2:483，f． 285． 1955
［‘1954’］;Tagawa ＆ K． Iwats．，SE． Asian Stud．
5:93:1967;Tagawa ＆ K． Iwats．，Acta Phytotax．
Geobot． 23:55． 1968;Tagawa ＆ K． Iwats．，Fl．
Thailand 3:331，f． 28. 8－28. 11． 1988;Boonkerd
＆ Pollawatn，Pterid． Thailand:157，202． 2000．
———Aspidium truncatulum Sw．，Schrad． J． Bot． 1800
(2) :36． 1801． ———Didymochlaena lunulata auct．
non (Burm．)Desv．:Bedd．，Handb． Ferns Brit． In-
dia:199，f． 99． 1883．
Ｒhizomes massive，ascending to erect，forming
a short caudex up to 25 cm in diameter，caudex
sometimes more than 10 cm long，like a small tree
fern;rhizomes covered densely with scales;scales
chartaceous，castaneous，adnate，lanceolate to nar-
rowly ovate，with long filiform outgrowths along the
margin，up to 20 × 5 mm，pale to dark brown，gla-
brous，entire． Fronds tufted，caespitose，erect to
arching，firmly herbaceous to coriaceous，up to 2. 5
m long． Stipes up to 70 cm long，straw-coloured，set
with reddish-brown，twisted scales，scales charta-
ceous，castaneous lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate，
up to 1 cm long． Lamina anadromous or isodromous，
up to 1. 8 × 0. 5 m，bipinnate，oblong-elliptic in out-
line，with a pinnate apical segment． Pinnae articula-
ted to the rachis，nonfunctional，opposite to alter-
nate，1-pinnate，basal pinnae slightly more widely
spaced than those towards the lamina apex，often
slightly overlapping distally，linear-acute，up to 25
× 4 cm，with up to 26 pinnule pairs． Pinnules ses-
sile，articulated to the pinna-rachis，opposite to al-
ternate，firmly herbaceous to subcoriaceous，dimidi-
ate，parallelogram-shaped，up to 24 × 12 mm，adax-
ially with a few scales along the costa，scales charta-
ceous，stramineous，filiform，simple or with out-
growths along the margin，up to 4 mm long，abaxial-
ly sparsely scaled，scales thinly chartaceous，stra-
mineous to ferrugineous，sessile，filiform，simple or
with long filiform outgrowths along the margin，apex
terminates in an oblong thin-walled cell，up to 4 ×
0. 4 mm． Venation anadromous，obscure，pinnately
branched，free，vein branches terminate near the
margin． Ｒachis and secondary rachis straw-coloured，
densely scaled，scales chartaceous to thinly charta-
ceous， castaneous， ferrugineous or stramineous，
sessile，filiform，simple or with numerous filiform
631 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 37卷
Fig. 1 Didymochlaena truncatula． A． Habit;B． Leaves;C． Pinnae;D． Sori;E． Ｒachis and pinna bases;
F． Crozier;G． Young leaves;I－J． Petiole scales． Photographs by Yun-Hong Tan
outgrowths along the margin，apex terminates in an
oblong thin-walled cell． Sori elliptic，at the apex of
an abbreviated anadromous vein branch，up to 3 mm
long，1 － 6 per pinnule;sporangium long-stalked，
simple，3-seriate below the capsule，capsule globose
in lateral view，with (13－)15 (－16)indurated an-
nulus cells，epistomium (2－)3 (－3)-celled，hy-
postomium (2 －)4 (－ 4)-celled;indusium firmly
herbaceous，brown，elliptic，entire，centrally atta-
ched along an elongated receptacle，up to 3 mm
long，up to 1 mm wide;receptacle nude． Spores 64
per sporangium，brown，ellipsoidal，monolete，peris-
pore with large inflated tubercules，echinulate．
China． Yunnan (云南):Xishuangbanna (西
双版纳)，Menghai (勐海)，alt． 1 100 m，in tropi-
cal montane evergreen broad-leaved forest， TAN
Yun-hong (谭运洪)9472 (HITBC，PE)．
General distribution:Pan-tropical (type from
Java)，Tropical Africa and subtropical southern Af-
rica，tropical Asia，tropical America，Madagascar，
7312期 TAN Yun-hong et al．:Didymochlaena Desv． (Hypodematiaceae):A Newly Ｒecorded Fern Genus …
and Pacific (Fiji)． China (Yunnan)．
Acknowledgements:We are grateful to CUI Yu-wen for edi-
ting the photographs．
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831 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 37卷