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Didymochlaena Desv. (Hypodematiaceae): A Newly Recorded Fern Genus to China

中国肿足蕨科一新记录属——翼囊蕨属



全 文 :中国肿足蕨科一新记录属———翼囊蕨属∗
谭运洪1ꎬ 卫  然2ꎬ 李剑武1ꎬ 张宪春2∗∗
(1 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园ꎬ 云南 勐腊  666303ꎻ 2 中国科学院植物研究所系统
与进化植物学国家重点实验室ꎬ 北京  100093)
摘要: 报道了中国肿足蕨科一新记录属———翼囊蕨属 (Didymochlaena Desv.)ꎮ 该属为泛热带分布的单型
属ꎬ 在中国为首次记录ꎮ 本文结合原始文献对该属及其折囊蕨种的特征进行了详细描述ꎮ
关键词: 翼囊蕨ꎻ 翼囊蕨属ꎻ 肿足蕨科ꎻ 新记录
中图分类号: Q 949              文献标志码: A              文章编号: 2095-0845(2015)02-135-04
Didymochlaena Desv. (Hypodematiaceae): A Newly
Recorded Fern Genus to China
TAN Yun ̄hong1ꎬ WEI Ran2ꎬ LI Jian ̄wu1ꎬ ZHANG Xian ̄chun2∗∗
(1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardenꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Menglaꎬ Yunnan 666303ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2 State Key Laboratory
of Systematic and Evolutionary Botanyꎬ Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ China)
Abstract: Didymochlaena Desv.ꎬ a monotypic genus placed in Hypodematiaceae with a pan ̄tropical distributionꎬ is
reported new to China (Yunnan Province) in the present study. Descriptions of the specimens and brief discussions
on the systematic placement of this genus are provided.
Key words: Didymochlaena Desv.ꎻ Didymochlaena truncatulaꎻ Hypodematiaceaeꎻ New record
  During the floristic surveys of the local flora
supported by the project “ Theory and Practice on
Full Conservation of Regional Biodiversity in
Xishungbana” in 2013ꎬ Didymochlaena truncatula
(Sw.) J. Sm.ꎬ a special fern species was collected
for the first time in China. It is the sole representa ̄
tive of Didymochlaena Desv.ꎬ which exhibits a pan ̄
tropical distribution with considerable polymorphism
(Chingꎬ 1940).
The placement of Didymochlaena has been a
long ̄term subject of controversyꎬ and remains poorly
understood (Schuettpelz and Pryerꎬ 2007). In earli ̄
er classificationsꎬ Didymochlaena was considered to
be closely related to the dryopteroid ferns based on
some shared featuresꎬ such as the erect rhizomes
bearing scalesꎬ petiole adaxially groovedꎬ scales
covering the rachis and petiolesꎬ and the chromo ̄
some number (x= 41) (Pichi ̄Sermolliꎬ 1977ꎻ Try ̄
on and Tryonꎬ 1982ꎻ Kramer and Greenꎬ 1990)ꎬ
whereas Ching (1940ꎬ 1978) treated this genus as a
segregated family Didymochlaenaceae due to its u ̄
nique combination of morphological characters re ̄
sembling Lindsaea or Sphaerostephanos. More re ̄
centlyꎬ molecular phylogenetic studies based on
chloroplast markers have revealed that Didymochlae ̄
naꎬ Hypodematium and Leucostegia form a poorly
supported clade sister to the remainder of the eupoly ̄
pod I ferns ( Schneider et al.ꎬ 2004ꎻ Schuettpelz
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报  2015ꎬ 37 (2): 135~138
Plant Diversity and Resources                                    DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201514090

∗∗
Funding: National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program (08ZK121B02ꎬ 08ZK111B02) and CAS 135 program (XTBG ̄F03)
Author for correspondenceꎻ E ̄mail: zhangxc@ibcas􀆰 ac􀆰 cn
Received date: 2014-06-17ꎬ Accepted date: 2014-08-13
作者简介: 谭运洪 (1979-) 男ꎬ 实验师ꎬ 主要从事植物分类学与植物区系研究ꎮ E ̄mail: tyh@xtbg􀆰 org􀆰 cn
and Pryerꎬ 2007)ꎬ which suggests that Didymochla ̄
ena should be separated from Dryopteridaceae
(Smith et al.ꎬ 2006ꎻ Christenhusz et al.ꎬ 2011).
Howeverꎬ since support for these relationships was
poorꎬ alternative topologyꎬ that isꎬ an isolated posi ̄
tion of Didymochlaena as the basalmost lineage in
eupolypod Iꎬ was also recovered (Liu et al.ꎬ 2007ꎻ
Kuo et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Rothfels et al.ꎬ 2012). There ̄
foreꎬ additional evidenceꎬ from either more variable
plastid markers or nuclear markersꎬ is needed in fu ̄
ture studies before a firm conclusion on the place ̄
ment of Didymochlaena can be drawn.
Didymochlaena Desv.ꎻ Berl. Mag. Naturf. 5:
303. 1811ꎻ Copel.ꎬ Gen. Fil.: 112􀆰 1 947.
翼囊蕨属
Plants terrestrial. Rhizomes shortꎬ ascending to
erectꎬ scalyꎻ scales long and narrowꎬ almost hair ̄
likeꎬ entireꎬ glabrousꎬ concolorousꎬ those on stipe
lacerate at margin. Lamina oblongꎬ bipinnate with
pinnate apexꎬ long ̄petiolate. Petioles with several
vascular bundles arranged in a half ̄circle. Pinnae
articulatedꎬ all more or less similar in size and
shapeꎬ somewhat rectangular in outline. Veins freeꎬ
forkedꎬ with thickened endings before reaching the
margin. Sori terminating a veinꎬ indusiateꎬ often
somewhat sunken in the bladeꎬ forming bumps on
the upper side. Indusia ellipticꎬ elongateꎬ rounded
at distal endꎬ cordate at baseꎬ firmꎬ glabrousꎬ cen ̄
trally attached along a lineꎬ opening on either side.
Sporangia long ̄stalked. Spores monoleteꎬ ellipsoidal
to globoseꎬ tuberculate and echinate.
Pan ̄tropicalꎬ monotypic genus.
翼囊蕨 Fig􀆰 1: A-J
Didymochlaena truncatula ( Sw.) J. Sm.ꎬ J.
Bot. 4: 196. 1841ꎻ Tardieu & C. Chr.ꎬ Fl. Indo ̄
Chine 7 (2): 331ꎬ f. 36􀆰 4 & 36􀆰 5. 1941ꎻ Holt ̄
tumꎬ Rev. Fl. Malaya ed. 1ꎬ 2: 483ꎬ f. 285. 1955
[‘1954’]ꎻ Tagawa & K. Iwats.ꎬ SE. Asian Stud.
5: 93: 1967ꎻ Tagawa & K. Iwats.ꎬ Acta Phytotax.
Geobot. 23: 55. 1968ꎻ Tagawa & K. Iwats.ꎬ Fl.
Thailand 3: 331ꎬ f. 28􀆰 8-28􀆰 11. 1988ꎻ Boonkerd
& Pollawatnꎬ Pterid. Thailand: 157ꎬ 202. 2000.
———Aspidium truncatulum Sw.ꎬ Schrad. J. Bot. 1800
(2): 36. 1801. ———Didymochlaena lunulata auct.
non (Burm.) Desv.: Bedd.ꎬ Handb. Ferns Brit. In ̄
dia: 199ꎬ f. 99. 1883.
Rhizomes massiveꎬ ascending to erectꎬ forming
a short caudex up to 25 cm in diameterꎬ caudex
sometimes more than 10 cm longꎬ like a small tree
fernꎻ rhizomes covered densely with scalesꎻ scales
chartaceousꎬ castaneousꎬ adnateꎬ lanceolate to nar ̄
rowly ovateꎬ with long filiform outgrowths along the
marginꎬ up to 20 × 5 mmꎬ pale to dark brownꎬ gla ̄
brousꎬ entire. Fronds tuftedꎬ caespitoseꎬ erect to
archingꎬ firmly herbaceous to coriaceousꎬ up to 2􀆰 5
m long. Stipes up to 70 cm longꎬ straw ̄colouredꎬ set
with reddish ̄brownꎬ twisted scalesꎬ scales charta ̄
ceousꎬ castaneous lanceolate or narrowly lanceolateꎬ
up to 1 cm long. Lamina anadromous or isodromousꎬ
up to 1􀆰 8 × 0􀆰 5 mꎬ bipinnateꎬ oblong ̄elliptic in out ̄
lineꎬ with a pinnate apical segment. Pinnae articula ̄
ted to the rachisꎬ nonfunctionalꎬ opposite to alter ̄
nateꎬ 1 ̄pinnateꎬ basal pinnae slightly more widely
spaced than those towards the lamina apexꎬ often
slightly overlapping distallyꎬ linear ̄acuteꎬ up to 25
× 4 cmꎬ with up to 26 pinnule pairs. Pinnules ses ̄
sileꎬ articulated to the pinna ̄rachisꎬ opposite to al ̄
ternateꎬ firmly herbaceous to subcoriaceousꎬ dimidi ̄
ateꎬ parallelogram ̄shapedꎬ up to 24 × 12 mmꎬ adax ̄
ially with a few scales along the costaꎬ scales charta ̄
ceousꎬ stramineousꎬ filiformꎬ simple or with out ̄
growths along the marginꎬ up to 4 mm longꎬ abaxial ̄
ly sparsely scaledꎬ scales thinly chartaceousꎬ stra ̄
mineous to ferrugineousꎬ sessileꎬ filiformꎬ simple or
with long filiform outgrowths along the marginꎬ apex
terminates in an oblong thin ̄walled cellꎬ up to 4 ×
0􀆰 4 mm. Venation anadromousꎬ obscureꎬ pinnately
branchedꎬ freeꎬ vein branches terminate near the
margin. Rachis and secondary rachis straw ̄colouredꎬ
densely scaledꎬ scales chartaceous to thinly charta ̄
ceousꎬ castaneousꎬ ferrugineous or stramineousꎬ
sessileꎬ filiformꎬ simple or with numerous filiform
631                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
Fig􀆰 1  Didymochlaena truncatula. A. Habitꎻ B. Leavesꎻ C. Pinnaeꎻ D. Soriꎻ E. Rachis and pinna basesꎻ
F. Crozierꎻ G. Young leavesꎻ I-J. Petiole scales. Photographs by Yun ̄Hong Tan
outgrowths along the marginꎬ apex terminates in an
oblong thin ̄walled cell. Sori ellipticꎬ at the apex of
an abbreviated anadromous vein branchꎬ up to 3 mm
longꎬ 1 - 6 per pinnuleꎻ sporangium long ̄stalkedꎬ
simpleꎬ 3 ̄seriate below the capsuleꎬ capsule globose
in lateral viewꎬ with (13-) 15 (-16) indurated an ̄
nulus cellsꎬ epistomium (2-) 3 ( -3) ̄celledꎬ hy ̄
postomium (2 -) 4 ( - 4) ̄celledꎻ indusium firmly
herbaceousꎬ brownꎬ ellipticꎬ entireꎬ centrally atta ̄
ched along an elongated receptacleꎬ up to 3 mm
longꎬ up to 1 mm wideꎻ receptacle nude. Spores 64
per sporangiumꎬ brownꎬ ellipsoidalꎬ monoleteꎬ peris ̄
pore with large inflated tuberculesꎬ echinulate.
China. Yunnan (云南): Xishuangbanna (西
双版纳)ꎬ Menghai (勐海)ꎬ alt. 1 100 mꎬ in tropi ̄
cal montane evergreen broad ̄leaved forestꎬ TAN
Yun ̄hong (谭运洪) 9472 (HITBCꎬ PE).
General distribution: Pan ̄tropical (type from
Java)ꎬ Tropical Africa and subtropical southern Af ̄
ricaꎬ tropical Asiaꎬ tropical Americaꎬ Madagascarꎬ
7312期      TAN Yun ̄hong et al.: Didymochlaena Desv. (Hypodematiaceae): A Newly Recorded Fern Genus 􀆺     
and Pacific (Fiji) . China (Yunnan).
Acknowledgements: We are grateful to CUI Yu ̄wen for edi ̄
ting the photographs.
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831                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷