全 文 :中成药
Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine
黄花三宝木枝叶的化学成分研究
杨长水,韩苏乔,沈新宇,王 星,卜 平
(扬州大学医学院,江苏 扬州 225001)
摘要:目的 研究黄花三宝木Trigonostemon lutescens Y. T. Chang et J. Y. Liang枝叶的化学成分。方法 黄花三宝木枝叶95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯
部位采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和MCI柱进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱数据对所得化合物的结构进行鉴定。结果 从中分离出10个化合物,
分别鉴定为3-乙酰氧基-齐墩果酸(1)、3-乙酰氧基-12-烯-齐墩果酸甲酯(2)、蒲公英赛酮(3)、spiciflorin(4)、simiarenol(5)、β-谷甾醇
棕榈酸酯(6)、3,3’,4-O-三甲基鞣花酸(7)、β-谷甾醇(8)、豆甾醇(9)、棕榈酸(10)。结论 化合物1~6为首次从三宝木属植物中分离
得到,化合物7和9为首次从该植物中分离得到。
关键词:黄花三宝木;枝叶;化学成分;分离鉴定
中图分类号:R284.1 文献标志码:A
Chemical constituents from twigs of Trigonostemon lutescens
YANG Chang-shui,HAN Su-qiao,SHEN Xin-yu,WANG Xing,BU Ping
(Medical College,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225001,China)
ABSTRACT:AIM To study the chemical constituents from twigs of Trigonostemon lutescens Y. T. Chang et J. Y. Liang. METHODS The ethyl acetate
fraction of 95% ethanol extract of T. lutescens twigs was isolated and purified by silica, Sephadex LH-20 and MCI column, then the structures of obtained
compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as 3-O-acetyloleanolic
acid (1), methyl 3-acetoxy-12-enly-oleanen-28-oate (2), taraxerone (3), spiciflorin (4), simiarenol (5), β-sitosterol palmitate (6), 3,3’,4-tri-O-methylellagic
acid (7), β-sitosterol (8) , stigamasterol (9), palmitic acid (10). CONCLUSION Compounds 1-6 are isolated from genus Trigonostemon for the first time,
compounds 7 and 9 are first obtained from this plant.
KEY WORDS:Trigonostemon lutescens Y. T. Chang et J. Y. Liang; twigs; chemical constituents; isolation and identification
黄花三宝木Trigonostemon lutescens Y. T. Chang et J. Y. Liang属于大戟科三宝木属,是广西南部特有的药用植物[1],生长于石灰岩山地的灌木
林中。三宝木属植物在泰国和我国是常用的民间药[2],具有防腐、杀菌、化痰、止泻等功效[3],现代研究已报道了该属植物含有多种活性化合物,
如萜类[4]、生物碱[5]、香豆素[4]、菲类[6]等,具有抗肿瘤[4]、抗病毒[5]、杀虫[7]、抑菌[8]等作用,开发潜力很大。本课题组对黄花三宝木枝叶进行化
学成分研究,从95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到10个化合物,其中化合物 1~6为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物7和9为首次从黄该
植物中分离得到。
1 仪器与材料
AVANCE型核磁共振仪(600 MHz,德国Bruker公司);X-5型显微熔点仪(北京泰克公司);DHG-9246A型电热干燥箱(上海精宏实验设
备有限公司);FZ102型微型植物试样粉碎机(天津泰斯特仪器有限公司);KQ-500DE型数控超声波清洗器(昆山禾创超声仪器有限公司)。Sephadex
—————————————————————
收稿日期:2016-08-02
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(21502165);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20130439);江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(13KJB360014);中国博士后基金(2014M551671);
江苏省博士后基金(1401156C);江苏省研究生培养创新工程项目(SJLX16_0605)
作者简介:杨长水(1982—),男,讲师,中药学博士,硕士生导师,主要从事中药与天然药物研究工作,Tel:(0514)87992233,E-mail: csyang30@126.com
网络出版时间:2016-10-22 16:26:31
网络出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1368.R.20161022.1626.002.html
LH-20(Parmacia Bioteck公司 );MCI(75~150 μm,北京元宝山色谱科技有限公司);GF254薄层色谱用硅胶和柱色谱用硅胶(100~200、200~300
目,青岛海洋化工有限公司)。石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、甲醇、95%乙醇等试剂均为分析纯(国药集团化学试剂有限公司);蒸馏水为自制。
黄花三宝木于2014年10月份采自广西防城港,经广西中医药大学梁子宁教授鉴定为黄花三宝木Trigonostemon lutescens Y. T. Chang et J. Y.
Liang,标本保存于扬州大学医学院药学系标本馆(编号CSY20141001)。
2 提取与分离 将干燥的黄花三宝木枝叶(8 kg)粉碎成粗粉,50 L95%乙醇提取3次,每次3 h,回收溶剂,得到380 g乙醇浸膏,加水混悬,依
次用石油醚(60~90℃)、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取3次,回收萃取液,得到石油醚部分浸膏64 g、乙酸乙酯部分浸膏165 g、正丁醇部分浸膏225 g。
乙酸乙酯部分浸膏经硅胶柱分离,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(25∶1→0∶1)梯度洗脱,得到9个组分(Fr.1~Fr.9),再经反复硅胶柱层析(石油醚-
乙酸乙酯)以及结晶和重结晶。结果,Fr.1(2.7 g)分离得到化合物6(4 mg)和8(158 mg);Fr.2(0.6 g)分离得到化合物2(11 mg)和3
(15 mg);Fr.3(1.4 g)分离得到化合物5(10 mg);Fr.4(1.8 g)分离得到化合物1(26 mg)和10(6 mg);Fr.6(3.2 g)分离得到化合
物9(31 mg);Fr.8(1.5 g)经硅胶柱(石油醚-乙酸乙酯)和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(甲醇)分离,得到化合物4(8 mg);Fr.9(15.3 g)经
MCI柱分离并除去色素,甲醇-水(3∶7→1∶0)梯度洗脱,得到8个亚组分(Fr.9-1~Fr.9-8),其中Fr.9-3(193 mg)经硅胶柱(石油醚-乙
酸乙酯=10∶1)分离,得到化合物7(22 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物1:白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z:499[M+H]+,分子式C32H50O4。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:5.27(1H,brs,H-12),4.49(1H,
m,H-3),2.82(1H,d,J = 12.0 Hz,H-18),2.04(3H,s,CH3COO-),1.13,0.94,0.93,0.90,0.867,0.85,0.75(each 3H,s,7×CH3)。
13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:183.7(C-28),171.0(-CO),143.6(C-13),122.6(C-12),80.9(C-3),55.3(C-5),47.6(C-9),46.5
(C-17),45.8(C-19),41.6(C-14),41.0(C-18),39.3(C-8),38.0(C-1),37.7(C-4),37.0(C-10),33.1(C-21),32.5(C-7),
32.4(C-22),30.7(C-20),28.0(C-23),27.7(C-15),25.9(C-27),23.6(C-30),23.5(C-2),23.4(C-11),23.4(C-29),22.9(C-16),
21.3(-COCH3),18.2(C-6),17.2(C-24),16.7(C-26),15.4(C-25)。对比文献[9],鉴定该化合物为3-乙酰氧基-齐墩果酸。
化合物2:白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z:513[M + H]+,分子式C33H52O4。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:5.28(1H,brs,H-12),4.49(1H,
m,H-3),3.62(3H,s,-OCH3),2.86(1H,dd,J = 12.0,6.0 Hz,H-18),2.04(3H,s,CH3COO-),1.13,0.93,0.92,0.90,0.87,0.85,
0.72(each 3H,s,7×CH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:178.3(C-28),171.0(-CO),143.8(C-13),122.3(C-12),80.9(C-3),
55.3(C-5),51.5(-COOCH3),47.6(C-9),46.7(C-17),45.9(C-19),41.6(C-14),41.3(C-18),39.3(C-8),38.1(C-1),37.7
(C-4),36.9(C-10),33.9(C-21),33.1(C-30),32.6(C-7),32.4(C-22),30.7(C-20),28.0(C-23),27.7(C-15),25.9(C-27),
23.6(C-2),23.5(C-11),23.4(C-16),23.1(C-29),21.3(CH3COO-),18.2(C-6),16.8(C-26),16.7(C-24),15.4(C-25)。对
比文献[10],鉴定该化合物为3-乙酰氧基-12-烯-齐墩果酸甲酯。
化合物3:无色针晶,ESI-MS m/z:425[M + H]+,分子式C30H48O。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:5.56(1H,dd,J = 7.8,3.0 Hz,H-15),
1.14(3H,s,H-27),1.09(3H,s,H-23),1.08(3H,s,H-26),1.07(3H,s,H-25),0.95(3H,s,H-24),0.92(3H,s,H-29),
0.91(3H,s,H-30),0.83(3H,s,H-28)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:217.6(C-3),157.6(C-14),117.2(C-15),55.8(C-5),
48.8(C-18),48.7(C-9),47.6(C-4),40.6(C-19),38.9(C-8),38.4(C-1),37.7(C-13),37.7(C-17),37.5(C-10),36.7(C-16),
35.8(C-12),35.1(C-17),34.1(C-2),33.6(C-21),33.4(C-29),33.1(C-22),29.9(C-26),29.9(C-28),28.8(C-20),26.1(C-23),
25.6(C-27),21.5(C-24),21.3(C-30),20.0(C-6),17.4(C-11),14.8(C-25)。对比文献[11],鉴定该化合物为蒲公英赛酮。
化合物4:白色固体,ESI-MS m/z:289[M + H]+,分子式C20H20O8。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:8.10(1H,brs,H-15),7.47(1H,
brs,H-16),6. 75(1H,dd,J = 1.8,0.8 Hz,H-14),5.38(1H,brd,H-1),4.77(1H,d,J = 5.0 Hz,H-6),3.81(1H,s,H-2),3.72
(1H,s,H-3),3.25(1H,d,J = 15.0 Hz,H-11b),2.98(1H,d,J = 15.0 Hz,H-11a),2.45(1H,brs,H-10),1.44(3H,s,H-20),
2.32(1H,dd,J = 10.0,5.0 Hz,H-7α),1.91(1H,d,J = 10.0 Hz,H-7β),1.38(3H,s,H-19)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:193.6
(C-12),176.8(C-17),172.6(C-18),147.8(C-15),144.6(C-16),128.1(C-13),108.2(C-14),78.5(C-6),77.6(C-4),72.9
(C-1),51.9(C-11),51.5(C-3),49.8(C-10),48.8(C-2),48.3(C-8),45.9(C-5),37.1(C-9),30.0(C-7),25.8(C-20),22.6
(C-19)。对比文献[12-13],鉴定该化合物为spiciflorin。
化合物5:白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z:427[M+H]+,分子式C30H50O。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:0.78(3H,s,H-28),0.83,0.88(each
3H,d,J = 6.0 Hz,H-29,30),0.89,0.92,1.00,1.05,1.14(each 3H,s,H-25,27,26,23,24),3.47(1H,brs,H-3a),5.62(1H,
brd,J = 6.0 Hz,H-6)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:142.0(C-5),122.0(C-6),76.4(C-3),60.0(C-21),51.7(C-18),50.2(C-10),
44.3(C-8),42.8(C-17),40.8(C-14),39.3(C-4),38.6(C-13),35.4(C-16),34.8(C-9),34.2(C-11),30.8(C-22),29.1(C-15),
29.1(C-23),29.0(C-12),28.3(C-20),27.8(C-2),25.5(C-24),24.1(C-7),22.9(C-30),22.0(C-29),19.9(C-19),18.1(C-1),
17.9(C-25),16.1(C-28),15.8(C-26),15.0(C-27)。对比文献[14],鉴定该化合物为simiarenol。
化合物6:白色颗粒(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:653[M+H]+,分子式C45H80O2。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:5.37(1H,d,J = 5.3 Hz,
H-6),4.61(1H,m,H-3),1.25(m,CH2),1.02(3H,s,H-19),0.79~0.95(15H,m,5×CH3),0.68(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,
150 MHz)δ:173.4(C-1′),139.7(C-5),122.6(C-6),73.7(C-3),56.7(C-14),56.0(C-17),50.0(C-9),45.8(C-24),42.3(C-13),
39.7(C-12),38.2(C-4),37.0(C-1),36.6(C-10),36.2(C-20),34.7(C-2′),33.9(C-22),31.9(C-7),31.9(C-8),31.9(C-14′),
29.7(C-8′),29.7(C-9′),29.7(C-10′),29.7(C-11′),29.7(C-12′),29.7(C-13′),29.6(C-7′)29.5(C-6′),29.4(C-5′),29.3(C-4′),
29.1(C-25),28.3(C-16),27.8(C-2),26.1(C-23),25.1(C-3′),24.3(C-15),23.1(C-28),22.7(C-15′),21.0(C-11),19.8(C-26),
19.3(C-19),19.0(C-27),18.8(C-21),14.1(C-16′),12.0(C-29),11.9(C-18)。对比文献[15],鉴定该化合物为β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯。
化合物7:淡黄色粉末,ESI-MS m/z:345[M + H]+,分子式C17H12O8。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,600 MHz)δ:7.55(1H,s,H-5),7.49(1H,
s,H-5′),4.12,4.04,4.01(each 3H,s,3×OCH3)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,150 MHz)δ:158.5(C-7),158.3(C-7′),153.8(C-4),152.6
(C-4′),141.5(C-3),141.0(C-2′),140.8(C-2),140.2(C-3′),113.4(C-6),112.5(C-6′),111.9(C-1),111.7(C-5′);111.2(C-1′),
107.5(C-5),61.3(3’-OCH3),61.0(3-OCH3),56.7(4-OCH3)。对比文献[16],故鉴定该化合物为3,3’,4-O-三甲基鞣花酸。
化合物8:白色针状结晶,与β-谷甾醇对照品共同进行TLC分析,在3种溶剂系统中展开,色谱行为完全一致,故鉴定该化合物为β-谷甾醇。
化合物9:白色针状结晶。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:5.35(1H,d,J = 3.0 Hz,H-6),5.16(1H,dd,J = 6.0,15.0 Hz,H-22),5.02
(1H,dd,J = 6.0,15.0 Hz,H-23),3.52(1H,m,H-3),1.03(3H,d,J = 7.0 Hz,H-21),1.02(3H,s,H-19),0.85(3H,d,J = 6.0 Hz,
H-27),0.83(3H,d,J = 6.0 Hz,H-26),0.80(3H,t,J = 6.0 Hz,H-29),0.70(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:140.8
(C-5),138.3(C-22),129.3(C-23),121.7(C-6),71.8(C-3),56.9(C-14),55.9(C-17),51.2(C-24),50.1(C-9),42.3(C-4),
42.2(C-13),40.5(C-20),39.7(C-12),37.3(C-1),36.5(C-10),31.9(C-8),31.9(C-25),31.9(C-7),31.7(C-2),28.9(C-16),
25.4(C-28),24.4(C-15),21.2(C-26),21.1(C-11),21.1(C-21),19.4(C-19),19.0(C-27),12.3(C-29),12.1(C-18)。对比
文献[17],确定该化合物为豆甾醇。
化合物10:白色粉末,mp 61.0~62.5 ℃,EI-MS m/z:256.1[M]+,分子式C16H32O2。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:2.34(2H,t,J=6.0,
18.0 Hz,H-2),1.62~1.64(2H,m,H-3),1.25~1.31(24H,m,H-4~H-15),0.87~0.89(3H,m,H-16)。对比文献[18],鉴定该化合
物为棕榈酸。
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