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The Methods of Isolating Microsatellite Loci

微卫星位点筛选方法综述


微卫星标记因其丰富的多态性和共显性等特点,已得到了广泛的应用.应用微卫星标记首先需要获得微卫星位点的序列信息,用来设计引物.获得微卫星位点的方法有多种,本文综述了获得和富集微卫星位点的常用方法.最简便、最省时的方法是从公共数据库(如EMBL、Genbank、EST数据库等)或已发表的文献中查找到微卫星位点,但只限于已经有序列数据发布的物种.第二种方法是种间转移扩增,即从相近物种的数据库中查找微卫星位点,或使用已有数据发表的遗传距离相近物种的微卫星标记.第三种方法是从基因组DNA中筛选微卫星位点,其中用于富集微卫星的方法有引物法、磁珠杂交法、尼龙膜杂交法以及RAPD技术法.

Microsatellite DNA has been shown to be highly polymorphic and co dominant and therefore quite useful as a good genetic marker.However,the wide utilization of microsatellite marker is hindered by the difficulty of obtaining microsatellite loci from interesting species.Recently,many methods have been developed for the isolation of microsatellite loci.Among these methods,database searching is the most convenient method for obtaining new microsatellite loci,such as acquiring primers from published literatures.In recent years,with the increase of EST database,SSRs explored from dbEST have been used in many species.In addition,the conservation of repeat sequence and flanking regions across taxa makes it possible that microsatellite primers from one species can be used to detect polymorphism at homologous sites in related species.The last method is to exploit microsatellite loci from genomic DNA,including the traditional method of genomic library and the novel approach of enriched library such as magnetic bead hybridization and nylon membrane hybridization.


全 文 :生态科学2005年11月第24卷第4期 ECoLoGICSC ENCENoV,2005,24(4):368~372
微卫星位点筛选方法综述
曾庆国1,陈艺燕2(1.宁波市海洋渔业研究院,宁波315012;2暨南大学水生生物研究所,广卅『510632)
【摘要】 微卫星标记因其丰富的多态性和共显性等特点,已得到了广泛的应用。应用微卫星标记首先需要歌得微卫
星位点的序列信息,用来设计引物。获得擞卫星位点的方法有多种,本文综述了获得和富集微卫星侥点的常用方法。
虽简便、最省时的方法是从公共数据库(如EMBL、Genb龃k、EsT数据库等)或已发表的文献中查找到微甲星位点,
但只限于已经有序列数据发布的物种。第二种方法是种问转移扩增,即从相近物种的数据库中查找微卫星位点,或使
用已有数据发表的遗传距离相近物种的微卫星标I己。第三种方法是从基因组DNA中筛选微卫星何点,其中用于富集微
卫星的方法有引物法、磁珠杂交法、尼龙膜杂交法以及RAPD技术法。
关键词I微卫星;EsT_ssRs:种间转移扩增;磁珠杂交:尼龙膜杂叟:RAPD
中图分类号:075 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008_8873(2005)04—368一05
TheMe山0dsO“∞IatingMicrosatemteL0ci
ZENGOing.gu01,CHENYi.y粕1(1.NingboInstitutcsfbrOcea工IandFlsheries。Nin曲o315012;2.InstituteofHydroblologv,
Jin趾Unive疆i毗Guangzhou510632,ChiⅡa)
AbstractMicrosalelliteDNAhasbeenshowntobehi曲1ypolymolphicatldcodominalltndmereforequ№use龟lasagood
genedcmarkeLHowever,tIlewideunllza60nofmlcmsaIell他markerishindcr dbythedi茁cultyofobtainingmicros砷:lliIe
10cif如mintere啦ingspeciesR cently,m卸ymenlo出baveeend velopedfortheis01adonofmicmsatell沁loci.Amongthese
methods,databasese rchingisthemostconvenjentm thodf rob诅iningnewmicros如11ite0ci,such嬲acqui—ngp一1tlers
丘伽l叫blished1n ra协I℃s.Infecent”ars,withthemcreaseofESTda诅base,SSRsexplored舶mdbEST11aveb enusedin
m蚰yspeciesInaddition,meconservationofrepeatsequenceandnankingre ionsacmsstaxamakesit possiblethat
mlcrosateUitepnmersfromonespeciescaIlbeusedtodetectpolymorphismathom01090惦sitesinrelatedspeciesThe1嬲t
mc协odistoexploitm crosatelliteIocif如mgenomicDNA,mcludingmeⅡaditionalmethodofgen舢如libraryandmenovel
aDDroachfennchedlibmrysuchasmagrleticbeadhvbndizationandnyloⅡmeⅡ山ranehyb打diza廿叽.
Keywords:Microsacell沁(ssR);EsT_SsRs;Interspeci矗ctmrlsferaInp|incation;Magneticb髓dhybdd 2ation;Nylon
membmehvb五dl盈tiOn:RAPD
微卫星(Microsatellite),又称为简单序列重复
(simplesequenceRepeat,ssR),短串联重复(short
ThdcmRc口eatSTR),是以少数几个核苷酸(一般2~
4个)为重复单位的串联重复DNA序列。微卫星位点
广泛分布于真核生物的基因组中⋯,在植物基因组中
平均每33Kb存在一个20bD长的微卫星位点,而在
哺乳动物中每6Kb存在一个20b口长的微卫星位
点【“。webre和Mav对Genbank数据库中人类
(肋ⅢDJ印耙H)的(cA)。微卫星序列进行了系统研究,
在检测的8个位点中有7个产生了重复数日上的变化,
显示了极高的多态性。
微卫星标记具有高度的多态性和丰富的信息含
量。Powell用RFLP、RAPD、AFLP和sSR标记进行
了大豆种质分析,结果微卫星标记显示出最高的期卓
杂合度¨J。微卫星标记共显性的特点使它能够用于研
究等位基因,区分二倍体(或多倍体)的纯合体或杂
合体,这是AFLP、RAPD等显性标记所无法做到的。
另外,微卫星的特异性引物扩增具有良好的重复性和
保真性,方便各实验室间的交流。目前,微卫星标记
已被广泛应用到基因连锁与遗传图谱构建”l、遗传多
样性研究口J、谱系和发育研究【6J、疾病检测口1以及品种
鉴定、亲本分析与个体、纯系检验lⅢ4J。
微卫星标记分离最大的困难是引物的获得。同
RAPD、AFLP等遗传标记不同,微卫星研究首先需要
获知位点的序列信息,以便从重复序列两端侧翼的保
守序列中设计引物。目前已知微卫星位点的物种很有
限,这是因为微卫星位点的获得需经过克隆、杂交筛
选、测序等步骤,因此需花费。定的人/b、金钱,这
限制了微p星标记的大量使用。但近年来发展起来
的各种微卫星位点富集技术已在一定程度上解决了
收稿日期:2005.07_ol收稿,2005一ll一13接受
基金项目:宁波科技局青年基金资助项目(No2005A620026)
作者简介:曾庆国(1977),男,倾士,主璺从事海洋生物遗传艟分千
生物学研究,E—mall:2qg叫@yaboocom.cn
万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
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临如1“如r&10如鼎,
万方数据
微卫星位点筛选方法综述
作者: 曾庆国, 陈艺燕, ZENG Qing-guo, CHEN Yi-yan
作者单位: 曾庆国,ZENG Qing-guo(宁波市海洋渔业研究院,宁波,315012), 陈艺燕,CHEN Yi-yan(暨南
大学水生生物研究所,广州,510632)
刊名: 生态科学
英文刊名: ECOLOGIC SCIENCE
年,卷(期): 2005,24(4)
被引用次数: 9次

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