全 文 ：第27卷第5期
2008年10月
生态科学
EcologicalScience
27(5)：325-328
0ct．2008
Particlesizedistributionandpollutionimpactsof
polycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsinstreetdustsfroma
streamnetworktown
ZHAOHong-tap,YINCheng—qing"，CHENMei-xue
ResearchCenterforEc -EnvironmentalSci ces,CAS,Beijing100085,China
Keywords：PAils；Streetdusparticle；strcalflnetwork；diffusepollution；urbanrunoff
河网地区小城镇街尘的粒径分布与多环芳烃污染
赵洪涛，尹澄清‘，陈梅雪
中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室，北京100085
【摘要】街尘是重要的环境介质，其携带的污染物在城镇化过程中对河网地区的水环境构成了一定的威胁。以杭嘉湖平原河网
地区饮用水水源河流上游典型小城镇的街尘为研究对象，对街尘、河道沉积物、地表径流以及降雨前后地表水中的多环芳烃进
行测定。在对不同粒径街尘中多环芳烃浓度的测定中发现，粒径为<63、125-63、250．125和900．250Inn街尘中多环芳烃的平
均含量分别为7261、5835、4660和2909．g／kg。小粒径的街尘颗粒含有较高的多环芳烃浓度，较小的密度，并且较难清扫，造
成了小粒径街尘易被雨水冲刷随地表径流进入河网水体。在对两场降雨的地表径流中多环芳烃检测发现，颗粒态的多环芳烃分
别占总浓度的95％和94％。地表径流过程增加了受纳水体中多环芳烃浓度的43％．62％，其中超过50％的增加表现为颗粒态。在
对不同河段沉积物、地表径流中颗粒物和不同粒径街尘中多环芳烃浓度的风险评价中发现，小粒径街尘和地表径流中颗粒物中
多环芳烃的浓度相接近并具有较高的生态风险，城镇段河道沉积物较次之。由于河网地区的特殊的水文条件和景观空间格局特
征，地表径流沉积物在进入河网水体后易原位沉积，造成了河道沉积物城镇段有较高的多环芳烃浓度。
关键词：多环芳烃；街尘；河网；扩散污染；城市径流
中图分类号：X171．5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008．8873(2008)05．325．04
1 Introduction thelargeriverdeltas．Theseregionshavebeenurbanized
orareunderrapidurbanization．Thestreetsarean
Streetdustparticlesconsistofsinkingparticlesfromimportantsourceforunoffpollution【oJ．Thepeopluse
vehicleexhaust，windblownurbansoil，housed tsandwaterf omthestreamnetworkasaSOUrCeofdrinking
industriald schargest“．Becausestreetsarea kindof water．Thecharacteristicsofstreetdustandthe
imperviouslandandthestreetdustscontainelevatedlandscapep tternsoftllestreamnetworktownsare
concentrationsof oxicmetalsK川．contaminationof criticalininfluencingtheheavymetalswa h．offtothe
streetdustposesthreatstohumanhealth．StreetdustiS aquaticenvironment．ThereiSliRlinformationonthe
transportedintohereceivingwatersduringrainfaUandeffectofcontaminatedstreetdustonthedeltaicstream
affcctsthestreamwaterqualityandaquaticbiotanetwork。
markedlyH．UrbaIlrunoffhasbeendeemedasoneoftheTheobjectivesofthistudyare(1)tofindthesize
leadingSOurCeSofwaterqualitympairmentforrivers，fractionsofstreetdustparticlesandtheirPAHscontents，
lakesandestuariesLH． (2)toassesstheimpactofstreetdustonthereceiving
StreamnetworkiSoneoftheimportantw tershapesin streamnetworkinbigrived ltas．
收稿日期：2008．09．10收稿，2008．10．10接受
基金项目：浙江省重大科技专项社会发展重点项目——嘉兴市城市饮用水源保护与生态湿地治理集成研究(2006C13057)，环境水质学国家
重点实验室研究课题．
作者简介：赵洪涛(1978～)，男，博士研究生，E-mail：htzhao@163．com：
·通讯作者，E-mail：ca_vine263．com
万方数据
326 生态科学EcologicalScience 27卷
Table1PollutioncriteriaofPAilcomponentsforsedimentmatrix(pg／kg)suggestedbyLongeta／．．1995‘”．
CompoundERLERM
sedl sed2∞d3SSI SS2 <63 125-63250-125900-250一———上墨L————型望I_—————型里——————巴!L—一Nap 160 2100 28 147 19兰丛盟尘 32__2．2 36_匝5 —389 22_3Acy 44 640 7 9 2 19 堕 竖 堕 丝 43Ace 16 500 2 36 3 2王至里 33 30 29 17FI 19 540 12 83 8 逝 世 逊 地 逊 笪Pho 240 1500 74 逝 28 1919 2堡—10—22—10—35—858 58__27An 853 1100 16 78 6 158 89 168 172 161 113PIU 600 5100 126 525 81 醴墅鱼 逝 鲤 540 353eyr 665 2600 102 454 109 2423 533 645 483 395 271BaA 261 1600 92巡62丝盟巡逊 218 167
ISl-lr 384 2800 125 457 122 647 51l 曼13 467 366 195
BbF NA NA 153 585 156 4657 1020 917 736 531 224
BkF NA NA 53 234 38 2003 685 315 227 124 76
BaP 430 1600 113 358 95 78 236—53—7370 246 157
InP NA NA 1 76 7 91ll 1339 229 160 142 65
DBA 63 260 l 22__22 2篁丝堡丝—43—620_毽8 17__66 18_00
BgP NA NA 30 245 30 4265 1322 491 377 288 164
Total 400044，792934 4402767 42608134707261 5835 4660 2909
NA，notavailable；Theunderlineddataareabovethe墅坐or些values．
2 MaterialsandMethods
2．1Studysitedescription
TheselectedstudysiteisXincheng，atownonthe
YangtzeRiverdeltaandinZhejiangProvinceinthe
southeasternPeople’sRepublicofChina(Fig．1)．
Xinchengisatypicaltowno thedeltawitllthestream
densitys3．5km-km～．Thetownhasapopulationof
morethan18000andanurbanreaofaround6．2km"．
Therearefewstormsewersandthestormwaterrlmoffis
dischargeddir ctlyintotheneighboringwaters．
Fig．1Studyareainthevicinityof hetownofXincheng
(shadedarea)inthesoutheasternChina,showingthestream
networkandstreambedsedimentsampfingpointsalongthe
XinchengRiverintheYangtzedeltaarea．
2．2Samplecollectionanda alyticalmethods
Thestudywasconductedduring2006．2007．Streetdust
particleswerecollectedwithavacuumcleanerb tween
9and10a．m．aftersweepingo March26th，2006．
Stainlesssteelsieveswereusedforgrainsize
fractionation．PAHswereanalyzedforachparticlesize
fractions，exceptthelargefraction>900Ⅲ[n，which
couldbeefficientlyremovedbythestreetsweepers．
Samplesoftheupperl5cmofstreambedsedimentwere
collecteda threesitesintheXinchengRiver：upstream
(sedl)，withinthetown(sect2)，anddownstream(sed3)
ofXincheng(Fig．1)．Samplesofrunoffwat rwere
takeni JuneandAugustin2007．Streetdustparticles．
sedimentandsoilsamplesw reextractedwithaSoxhlet
apparatus．TheconcentrationsofPAHinthextracts
wered termined(}C—MS．
3 ResultsandDiscussion
3．1ThePAHcontentsinstreetdustparticles，urbansoil
andfiversedliment
Thecontentsof otalPAHsinstreetdustparticles(<
900pm)rangedfrom1629to8986gg·kg．1，withamean
of4130gg·k91(Fig．2)intheXinchengstreamnetwork．
ThemagnitudeofPAHcontaminationv riedgreatlyin
万方数据
5期 赵洪涛，等：河网地区小城镇街尘的粒径分布与多环芳烃污染 327
Table2Eventmeanconcentration(EMC)oft talsuspendedsediment(rss)andPAHscontentsinrunoffwaterduringtwo
rainfallevents
thesedimentsfromdifferentachesofXinchengRiver．
Muchhi【ghertotalPAHconcentrationsweref undinthe
townreachsediment(seal2)．Thetownreacsediment
(sed2)containedcomparableamountsofPAHstostreet
dustparticles，andthese imentsfromupstreamand
downstreamreaches，andthetownsoilcontainedmuch
lowerPAHconcentrations．
6
薹
圣
叠
W
II ● -●
C I NRORR S鲥1S雹垃Sed3捌
3·2PAHcontentsofparticlesizfractionsofstreet
dust
ThetotalPAHsandensityinstreetdustparticleswith
differentsizefractionsshowedagrainsizegradient(Fig．
3)．Densityvariesfrom1．62to1．85g／cm3inthefour
size-fractions．HighercontentsofPAHsandsmaller
densityoccurinstreetdustparticleswithmallergrain
size．Itissuggestedthatheyhavehigllmobilityin
runoffandtheyareeasilytransportedtothestream
network．Approximately55％oftotalPAHwerepresent
inparticleswithdiametersoflessthan250阻n，
accountingfor40％ofthestreetdustparticleweight．
Fig．2TotalPAHscontentsinstreetdustparticles,river
sedimentsa durbansoft．C，INRORandRrepresent：
commercial,industrial,newre idential,oldresidentials reets
andmaintrafficroads；sedl．sed2andsed3：thesedimen缸Fig．3ThedensityofsweetdustparticlesandtotalPAil
ft田mtheupstream，townsect量oandownstreamofthe
contentsin hesize-fractionsof hesweetdustparticles
XinchengRiver；soil：thetownsoil (C，I，NR,OR,Rhavethesamem aningasinFig·2)·
万方数据
Dateofmine删PAHs觚—堡塑鲤rL—j堕堂———坠．—皇塑坠——型垒坚L
B．R D．R B．R D．R B．R D．R B．R D．R B．R D．R
3．3 lUskassessmentandmobilityofstreetdust
particletor ceivingwater
ToassessPAHspollutioninstreetdustparticlesand
streamsediments，theresultsw reinterpretedusingthe
effectsrangelow(EI也)andtheffectsrangem dian
(ERM)valuessdefinedelsewhere．Tablel showsthat
severalPAHcomponentscontentsin treetdust．
suspendedsedimentinrunoffandstreambedsediments
areabovetheERLandthusmaymoderatelyimpactthe
biotahealthofstreamnetwork．SeveralPAHsinthe
streetdustwiththediameterleSSthan63岫and
suspendedsedimentofrunofrareabovetheERM．and
thesemayseverelyimpactbiotahealth．
Duetotheslowflowofwaterinthestreamnetwork。
streetdustparticlesinurbanrunoffaccumulateinthe
sedimentsclo etothepointofentryintothenetwork．
Fig．2showsthatthetownreachsediment(sed2)had
muchhighertotalPAHscontentthanthesedimentsi
theupstreamandownstreamreaches．
Surfacerunoffcausedbyrainfanco tributesPAHto
thereceivingwater．Thispollutionis mostlyin
particulateform．Streetdustsmakeagreatcontribution
to theurbanrunoffparticulatepollutants．The
particle-boundPAHsaccount,onaverage．for94．7％
and93．6％oftotalPAHsintworainfalleventsinJune
andAugustin2007(Table21．
111eurbanrunoffwateraffectsthewaterqualityof
XinchengRivermarkedlyinthetownreachduring
heavyrainfallevents(Table3)andtheparticle．bound
PAHsaccountforhemost．Itwasobservedthathe
totaIPAHsconcentrationsinthestreamincreased
43％．62％duringtherainfallevents．andmorethanhalf
oftheincreasewasfromparticulatemat er．Becausethe
heavyrainfallsdonotgeneratehighflowsinthestream
networks，large—sizedparticl sare epositedatrunoff
entrysitesandaccumulatether ．Tllisisprobablythe
reasonwhythetownreachsediments(sed2)havemuch
highercontentsofPAHsthanthesedimentsi he
upstreamandownstreamreaches(Fig．2)．
References
11l SezginN，OzcanHKDcrmrG，eta1．．2003．Determination
ofheavymetalconcentrationsinstreetdustsinIstanbuiE-5
highway[J]．EnvironInt29：979—985．
【2】 CharlesworthS，EverettM，McCarthy＆eta1．．2003．A
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万方数据
河网地区小城镇街尘的粒径分布与多环芳烃污染
作者： 赵洪涛， 尹澄清， 陈梅雪， ZHAO Hong-tao， YIN Cheng-qing， CHEN Mei-xue
作者单位： 中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京,100085
刊名： 生态科学
英文刊名： ECOLOGICAL SCIENCE
年，卷(期)： 2008,27(5)
被引用次数： 1次

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