Recent advances in studies of genetic variation at protein and DNA levels in plant natural populations and its relationship with environmental changes were reviewed with special reference to the works on the wild barley ( Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch.). On one side, adaptation was shown in statistic data, on the other side, the fact that a considerable part of genetic variation does exist within populations (subpopulations) under same ecological condition indicated its maintainability of neutral or near-neutral mutations in natural populations. The researches on adaptive populations of plants, especially on wild soybean ( Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) mainly conducted in author‘s laboratory, have shown that the most part of molecular variation within and among populations can not be explained by selection particularly as far as the individual uniqueness was concerned. There are some data shown that adaptation may be caused by accumulation of a few near-neutral mutations. Recent publications on molecular mechanisms of morphological evolution has been received special attention to elucidate the discrepancy between molecular evolution and morphological adaptive evolution. A frame on the unified evolution theory has been built. Finally some related viewpoints of philosophy were discussed.
植物自然群体适应逆境的分子机理
胡志昂 王洪新
（中国科学院植物研究所，北京100093）
关键词： 植物自然群体；中性论；选择；适应进化；分子机理；统一进化论
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