In this paper，chromosome numbers and karyotypes are reported for 12 species of Aconitum L．and three species of Delphinium L．from China．The results are as follows：A．scaposum var．scaposum and A．scaposum var．vaginatum 2n＝16＝2m十6sm十8st;A．alboviolaceum 2n＝16＝2m十6sm(2sat)十8st：A．sinomontanum var．sinomontanum 2n=16＝4m+4sm+8st;A.sinomontanum var．angustius 2n=32=6m+6sm+20st(1sat)；A．brunneum 2n＝16＝2m(1sat)十14sm；A．sungpanense 2n＝16＝6m(2sat)+10sm(2sat)；A．arcuatum 2n＝16＝4m十12sm;  A．carmichaeli 2n＝32=10m+22sm；A.kusnezoffii 2n=32=10m+ 22sm;A．jaluense 2n=32＝10m+22sm；A．flavum 2n＝16＝2m十14sm；A．pendulum 2n=16=4m十12sm;  A．sessiliflorum 2n＝16=2m+10sm+4st；D.kamaoense var．glabrescens 2n＝16=2m+6sm+8st; D.caeruleum 2n＝16＝2m+6sm+8st D．maximowriczii 2n=16=2m+6sm+8st．The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of A．scaposum var．scaposum、A．sinomontanum var．angustius、A．brunneum、A．gungpanense、A．jaluense、A. flavum、A．sessiliflorum、D．kamaoense var.glabrescens、D．caeruleum and D.maximowiczii are reported here for the first time.