Abstract:Abstact: Toxic nephropathy is a kind of renal impairment caused by exogenous chemicals. Although the pathogenesis of toxic nephropathy is very complex and has not been fully elucidated， a large number of studies have revealed that the mechanism of toxic nephropathy is mainly related to the dysfunction of physiological signal transduction pathways including oxidative stress， inflammation， apoptosis/necrosis， epithelial-mesenchymal transition and so on. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. A great number of studies found that ncRNAs including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are involved in many cellular physiological and pathological processes in vivo. In this paper， we mainly focused on the research achievements of non-coding RNA in recent years which related to the studies of renal injury that induced by chemicals. At the same time， we also inquire into the differential expression of ncRNA in drug， heavy metal， chemical toxicant induced kidney injury， and the mechanism of ncRNA in the regulation of the signaling pathway of chemical induced renal injury. Their prospects of ncRNA as potential markers in the diagnosis and treatment process of related disease were also discussed.