Abstract:MicroRNAs (miRs) are short noncoding single stranded RNAs that mediate target mRNA degradation or inhibit target mRNA translation, and play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. MiRs have been found to be functionally important in renal physiology and pathology, and are involved in the genesis, growth and prognosis of renal fibrosis, especially miR-21, miR-192, miR-29 and miR-200. The purpose of this review is to highlight the roles of key miRNAs in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis.