作 者 ：胡存兵,席贻龙*,陶李祥
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 12期 页码：5957~5863
Keywords:Brachionus rubens, B. urceolaris, temperature, life history characteristics,
摘 要 ：应用单个体培养方法，以浓度为3.0×106cells/ml的斜生栅藻 （Scenedesmus obliquus）为食物，在18、23、28℃和33℃下，对分类存疑种类红臂尾轮虫（Brachionus rubens）和壶状臂尾轮虫（B. urceolaris）的生活史特征进行了比较研究。结果表明，随着温度的升高，两种轮虫的生殖前期和生殖期历时、平均寿命、世代时间和生命期望均逐渐显著地缩短，而种群内禀增长率却极显著地增大。红臂尾轮虫在28℃下的生殖后期历时与23℃和33℃间均无显著的差异，壶状臂尾轮虫在28℃和33℃下的生殖后期历时也无显著的差异。红臂尾轮虫的产卵量和净生殖率均在33℃下最小，在其他3个温度间都无显著的差异；壶状臂尾轮虫的产卵量和净生殖率均在33℃下最小，28℃下最大。18、23℃和28℃下红臂尾轮虫的生殖前期历时、平均寿命、生命期望和世代时间都显著短于壶状臂尾轮虫，而生殖期历时在两者间无显著差异；33℃下红臂尾轮虫的生殖期历时、平均寿命、生命期望和世代时间都显著长于壶状臂尾轮虫，而生殖前期历时在两者间无显著差异。各温度下，红臂尾轮虫的产卵量、种群内禀增长率和净生殖率均极显著地高于壶状臂尾轮虫，但两种轮虫的生殖后期历时无显著的差异。红臂尾轮虫偏向于r-对策者，体现在其较低的生命期望、较高的繁殖率和种群增长率；而壶状臂尾轮虫则显示出较高的生命期望、较低的种群增长率和繁殖率，偏向于k-对策者。
Abstract:The life history characteristics of Brachionus rubens and B. urceolaris whose taxonomical status remains controversy was compared at 18℃, 23℃, 28℃ and 33℃ by means of life table method and with 3.0×106 cells/mL of the algae Scenedesmus obliquus as food. The results showed that with the temperature increasing, the durations of pre-reproductive and reproductive periods, average lifespan, generation time and life expectancy at hatching of the two rotifer species decreased significantly, but the reverse was true for the intrinsic rate of population increase. The duration of post-reproductive period of B. rubens at 28℃ was similar to those at 23℃ and 33℃, and the duration of post-reproductive period of B. urceolaris at 28℃ was also similar to that at 33℃. Both the number of produced eggs and the net reproductive rate of B. rubens was the smallest at 33℃, but was similar at the other three temperatures. Both the number of produced eggs and the net reproductive rate of B. urceolaris was also the smallest at 33℃, but was the largest at 28℃. At 18℃, 23℃ as well as 28℃, the duration of pre-reproductive period, the average lifespan, the life expectancy at hatching and the generation time of B. urceolaris were all significantly longer than those of B. rubens, but their durations of reproductive period were similar. At 33℃, the duration of reproductive period, the average lifespan, the life expectancy at hatching and the generation time of B. rubens were all significantly longer than those of B. urceolaris, but their durations of pre-reproductive period were similar.At all the four temperatures, the number of produced eggs, the intrinsic rate of population increase and the net reproductive rate of B. rubens were all significantly higher than those of B. urceolaris, but their durations of post-reproductive period were similar. B. rubens appeared to be an r-strategist because of its lower life expectancy, but higher reproductive and population growth rates. In contrast, B. urceolaris seemed to be a K-strategist for its lower reproductive and population growth rates, but higher life expectancy.
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