作 者 ：夏江宝,谢文军,陆兆华*,贾琼,董立杰
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 15期 页码：4137~4143
关键词：再生水；芦苇；水文物理性质；土壤入渗；土壤蓄水性能；
Keywords:reclaimed water, reed (Phragmites australis), hydro-physical properties, soil infiltration, soil water-storage capacity,
摘 要 ：为提高再生水资源在芦苇群落生态恢复中的高效利用，采用温室内模拟实验的方法，以未灌溉(CK)为对照，对再生水(FS)、再生水清水轮灌(QF)及清水灌溉(QS)等3种浇灌方式下的芦苇地盐碱含量及水文物理参数进行测定分析，以其阐明不同浇灌方式下芦苇地的土壤水文生态效应。结果表明：清水灌溉、清废轮灌降盐压碱效果显著(P<0.001)，而再生水灌溉后土壤含盐量增加12.8％。与未灌溉相比，3种浇灌方式均使土壤容重减小，孔隙度增大，改善土壤水文物理效果表现为清废轮灌>清水灌溉>再生水灌溉。Horton模型比较适合描述灌溉后芦苇地土壤水分入渗过程，清水灌溉、清废轮灌改善了土壤水分的渗透性能，初渗率和稳渗率均比未灌溉增加，而再生水灌溉后初渗率下降15.0％。3种浇灌方式均能增强芦苇地贮蓄和保持土壤水分的能力，清废轮灌、清水灌溉、再生水灌溉的饱和蓄水量分别比未灌溉增加11.5％、4.3％、2.4％，涵蓄降水和供植物生长有效水分贮存能力表现为清废轮灌最好，其次为清水灌溉，而再生水灌溉则较差。
Abstract:To improve the ecological restoration efficient of reed (Phragmites australis) community by reclaimed water irrigation and observe the effect of reclaimed water irrigation on soil hydrological properties in saline reed field of Yellow River Delta, a simulation experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta. Four treatments were arranged: no irrigation (CK), alternative irrigation of fresh water and reclaimed water (QF), freshwater irrigation (QS), reclaimed water irrigation (FS). Soil infiltration course and hydrological properties were determined in greenhouse and laboratory. The change of the soil pH value, soil salt content and soil hydrologic-physical properties were also measured after reclaimed water irrigation. Compared to the soil pH value (8.95) of the CK treatment, the reduction of soil pH value in the QS, QF and FS treatments was 4.9％,4.4％,1.3％, respectively. Soil salt contents decreased significantly in the treatments of QS and QF (P<0.001), while increased by 12.8% after irrigation with FS. Compared to the CK treatment, the reduction of soil bulk density in the QF,QS and FS treatments was 15.9％, and 11.9％,5.3％, respectively. The increment of soil total porosity in the QF,QS and FS treatments was 18.8%,11.1%,and 9.1%,respectively. The soil density decreased, and soil total porosity increased in the three irrigation treatments (QF,QS and FS), and the treatments in order of greatest changes to least was QF>QS>FS>CK. Horton infiltration model was fitted better to reflect the soil infiltration course of reed soil after irrigation. In the treatments of QS and QF, soil infiltration capability, the first infiltration rate and the stable infiltration rate were all increased significantly after irrigation. Compared to the CK treatment, the increment of the first infiltration rate in the QF and QS treatments was 106.3%,50.8%, and the increment of the stable infiltration rate in the QF,QS and FS treatments was 87.0%,7.4%,and 3.7%, respectively. However the first infiltration rate decreased by 150%, due to the formation of soil crust after reclaimed water irrigation. Soil water-holding capacity was increased in three irrigation treatments, and the greatest water-holding capacity in capillary and non-capillary was in the treatment of alternative irrigation of fresh water and reclaimed water, which were 897.0 t?hm-2 and 85.2 t?hm-2.Compared to the CK treatment, the increment of the total water-storage capacity in the QF, QS and FS treatments were 11.5%, 4.3% and 24%, respectively. The largest capacity of soil total absorption precipitation and effective water storage for plant growth was alternative irrigation of fresh water and reclaimed water, followed by freshwater irrigation, and the lowest was reclaimed water irrigation. Accordingly, we concluded that: The reclaimed water irrigation had obvious benefits to reduce soil salinity, improve soil hydrologic-physical properties and enhance soil infiltration and water-holding capacity. However, there was the significant different in soil properties between treatments. These results provide the scientific basis for determining suitable irrigation mode of reclaimed water in saline reed field of Yellow River Delta, which is of great significance to the exploitation and utilization of reclaimed water resources.
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