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作 者 ：郑璐,尹华群,曹琳辉,晁婧,陈棋炯,刘学端*

期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 10期 页码：4841~4848

关键词：酸性矿坑水(AMD)；底泥；微生物多样性；16S rRNA；RFLP；

Keywords:acid mine drainage, sediment, microbial diversity, 16S ribosome RNA, RFLP,

摘 要 ：江西铜业集团德兴铜矿是中国最大的露天开采铜矿，已有1000多年的开采历史，因此它为极端环境下微生物群落结构研究提供了一个优良素材。应用16S rRNA基因的PCR克隆技术检测了来源于该铜矿3个不同样地的水样与底泥中的微生物多样性。通过RFLP分析获得40个OTUs，测序和系统发育分析表明它们属于7个不同的系统发育分区，即Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospira, α-Proteobacteria和γ-Proteobacteria，Firmicutes，δ-Proteobacteria。这些克隆中的大部分属于γ-Proteobacteria, α-Proteobacteria和Nitrospira。进一步的分析结果表明在各样点水样中的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans）所占比例大于其在底泥中的比例，而底泥的嗜酸菌属（Acidiphilium） 所占比例明显高于水样，这可能与底泥的缺氧环境和Acidiphilium菌能够将三价铁还原成二价铁的特性有关。

Abstract:One of the largest, original open-cast copper mines in China provides an excellent opportunity to investigate microbial community structure in extreme environments. Microbial diversity of acid mine drainage and sediment samples from three sites within the mine were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene library and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A total of 40 unique 16S rRNA genes, screened from 558 clones, were obtained from all sites. The sequenced clones fell into seven phylogenetic divisions. The majority of the clones were affiliated with the γ-Proteobacteria, α-Proteobacteria and Nitrospira. At all sites examined, the proportion of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the acid mine drainage is greater than that in the sediment. In contrast, the proportion of Acidiphilium is greater in the sediment than that in the acid mine drainage. This may be due to the anaerobic environment within the sediment, which inhibited aerobic bacteria, such as A. ferrooxidans. However, Acidiphilium, a heterotrophic bacterium, is able to catalyze the dissimilatory reduction of ferric iron to ferrous even in the presence of small amounts of oxygen.

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