作 者 ：韩永伟,拓学森,高吉喜,高馨婷
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 19期 页码：5185~5193
Keywords:significant eco-function area, sand-fixing function, ecosystem services radiation,
摘 要 ：分析生态系统服务功能的空间流动特征是加强区域生态系统管理，制定生态补偿政策的重要基础。针对生态系统服务功能的流动特性，探索提出了生态系统服务功能辐射效益的概念与内涵，并利用2006年7月TERRA-1 MODIS 250m×250m分辨率NDVI数据，在地理信息系统技术支持下，采用风蚀输沙率模型和沙尘空间传输模型，评估了黑河下游重要生态功能区防风固沙功能的辐射效益。结果表明：（1）2006年黑河下游重要生态功能区防风固沙总量达到14990万t，低覆盖度草地防风固沙量最高，占总量的80%以上,灌木林的防风固沙量其次，占总量的12.5%，有林地的防风固沙量最小，仅为320万t；（2）不同植被类型的防风固沙能力也存在较大差异，单位面积有林地的防风固沙能力最强，为22695t/ km2，灌木林其次，低覆盖度草地的防风固沙能力最低;（3）区域生态系统对粒径介于10μm和20μm之间的沙尘固定功能的辐射范围可以达到北京、天津、河北、山东等15个省（市、区），辐射面积达115.3万km2；区域生态系统对粒径介于20μm和400μm之间的沙尘固定功能的辐射范围包括内蒙古阿拉善左旗和阿拉善右旗两个行政区域，辐射面积为5.2万km2；（4）研究区生态系统可以减少下风向区域的风沙量为5996万t，防风固沙功能的直接辐射效益达89.94亿元，是该区当年GDP的8.6倍。内蒙古自治区享受到的辐射效益最大，达30.40亿元，上海市享受到辐射效益最小，为0.10亿元，仅占总辐射效益的0.11%。最后，分析了本研究的局限性及今后需要努力的方向。
Abstract:The significant eco-function area is a new concept, which is put forward by the department of environment management in recent years. It plays more and more important role in protecting national and regional ecological security. Analyzing the spatial transfer characteristics of ecosystem services of the significant eco-function area is the basic work of strengthening the regional ecosystem management and establishing the policy of ecological compensation. Based on the review of progress of ecosystem services research, the concept of ecosystem services radiation effect is put forward and the connotation of sand-fixing function and its radiation is emphasized and analyzed in this paper. The significant eco-function area in the lower reaches of Heihe River is one of planed eco-function area of primary sand-fixing function in China, which is in west Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. The area is one of four main sand land and dust sources in China, so it is very important to quantitatively analyse the sand-fixing function and its radiation benefit. Using the TERRA-1 MODIS 250m 250m NDVI time series data on July, 2006, under the supporting of GIS, using the wind erosion and sand transporting models, the radiation benefit of the sand-fixing function was evaluated. The results show that the amount of sand-fixing is 1.499×108t in 2006, the sand-fixing of the low covered grassland is the biggest and occupies 80% of the total, the sand-fixing of the shrubbery land is secondly and occupies 12.5% of the total, the sand-fixing of the forest land is smallest and only 320×104t; as a whole, the sand-fixing ability is lower, the sand-fixing per unit area of the different vegetation cover is very different, the forest land is 22695t/ km2 and highest, shrubbery land is 22605t/km2 and secondly, and the low cover grassland is only 12338 t/km2 and smallest；the radiation scope of regional sand-fixing function for the sand diameter between 10μm and 20μm can reach 15 provincial districts, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and so on, and the sand-fixing function radiation covers a total area of 115.3×104km2.But the radiation scope of regional sand-fixing function for the sand diameter between 20 m and 400 m only can reach Alashan Left Banner and Alashan Right Banner in Inner Mongolia, and the sand-fixing function radiation covers a total area of 5.2×104km2.The radiation amount of the leeward region is 5996×104t,which is equivalent to 49.8t per square kilometer. Its direct radiation benefit is 89.94×108 Yuan RMB (1.3 billion ＄) which is 8.6 times as much as the GDP of the study area in 2006. The spatial distribution of radiation benefit is of huge difference because of the different area of radiation regions. The Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region gains the biggest radiation benefit, which is 30.40×108 Yuan RMB and occupies 33.8% of the total radiation benefit. The Shanghai City gains the smallest radiation benefit and only occupies 0.11% of the total. There are some limitations in this research because of data and method restriction. So the more in-depth studies should be carried in the future such as the ecological mechanism, the indices and methods of ecosystem services radiation, and the indirect social benefits of ecosystem services.
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