作 者 ：夏晶,刘宁*,高贺文,陆根法
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 16期 页码：4408~4415
Keywords:Shangqiu City, shallow groundwater, water temperature, evaporation capacity, air temperature,
摘 要 ：地下水包括浅层地下水和深层地下水，是陆地水循环的重要组成部分，其中浅层地下水受气候条件和植被地形及人类活动的影响大。浅层地下水埋深对气候变化的响应研究是气候变化影响研究的前沿和热点之一，对于水资源管理及其相关研究与应用具有重要意义。商丘市所在的黄淮平原是我国第一大地下水富集区，由于气候变化和人类活动的影响，地下水资源量与1984 年相比下降了20%以上。地下水作为黄淮平原重要的水资源，研究气候变化和人类活动的影响与地下水的相应关系有着重要的现实意义。以几个典型城市的气温与地下水位的变化情况为基础，全面分析讨论了商丘市浅层地下水对水温、蒸发量和气温的影响关系，为商丘市以及黄淮平原地下水资源变化提供科学的依据。
Abstract:Groundwater, including shallow groundwater and deep groundwater, is an important component of the terrestrial water cycle. The shallow groundwater can be easily affected by climatic conditions, terrain, vegetation and human activities. The relationship between shallow groundwater depth and climate changes has been studied intensively to understand the impact of climate changes on groundwater resources. This is essential to water resource management and related applications. However, the impact of climate change on groundwater has not been fully understood to date because the relationship between climate variables and groundwater is much more complicated than that of surface water. Groundwater interacts with climate through hydrologic processes, such as precipitation, evapotranspiration and interaction with surface water. In this paper, we compared the groundwater depth and atmospheric temperature data of Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Xuzhou and Nanjing in year 1950 and 2000 and found that the drop of groundwater depth had a positive correlation with the increase of atmospheric temperature. In order to further study the relationship between shallow groundwater recession and regional climate change, a case study was conducted in Shangqiu. Shangqiu is located on the Huang-Huai Plain, which has the largest regional aquifer in China. Due to climate change and human activities, the quantity of groundwater in this region has dropped over 20% since 1984. Groundwater is a crucial water resource in this region. The study of responses of groundwater to local climate change and human activities is very important. This paper discussed the relationships between Shangqiu shallow groundwater temperature, evaporation capacity and air temperature, and provided scientific evidence regarding groundwater resource changes in Shangqiu and the Huang-Huai Plain. The results of this study showed: (1) As the groundwater depth increased, the air temperature fluctuated, but the overall air temperature gradually increased. The variation of groundwater level and temperature proved to be synchronous. (2) There was a reverse correlation between the decrease of groundwater level and the magnitude of evaporation. The decrease of groundwater level resulted in the reduction of the evaporation in most area, and in turn, the water vapor in the air close to the ground was greatly reduced. The transfer of latent heat flux from the ground surface to the boundary layer also decreased significantly. The drying of the soil close to the ground surface caused the reduction of the heat capability of soil and the increase of the albedo on the ground surface. The net radiation at ground surface increased, resulting in a significant warming effect from radiation and an increase of the ground surface temperature, which was evidenced by an average increase of 1.4℃ in air temperature in the study area. (3) The record of the shallow groundwater temperature in the study area showed that the groundwater temperature has increased by approximately 3.6 C from1991 to 2007. In the mean time, the groundwater level gradually decreased 1.35-5m. Since the decrease of groundwater level usually results in the drop of groundwater temperature, it can be concluded that the increase of groundwater temperature in the study area is mainly caused by the increase of atmospheric temperature (1.4 ℃). The continuous increase of shallow groundwater temperature over the past years can be considered as a strong evidence to the global warming.
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