作 者 ：林金丽,韩宝瑜*,周孝贵,陈学好*
期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 8期 页码：4303~
关键词：粘性色板；素馨黄；芽绿；诱捕；同翅目昆虫；假眼小绿叶蝉；黑刺粉虱；天敌；
Keywords:sticky coloured plates, jasmine yellow, bud green, trapping, Homopteran insects, tea green leafhopper, whitefly, natural enemy,
摘 要 ：为评估色板用于监测和诱捕茶园害虫的可能性，于10月份茶园昆虫盛发期在绍兴和杭州分别选有机、无公害茶园，同时使用10种粘性色板大面积诱捕茶园昆虫和蜘蛛。每种色彩重复10次。结果表明：(1)在两片供试茶园捕获的目、科和种类基本相同。蜘蛛很少。24 h后，绍兴茶园中10种色板共捕获9目53科10200个昆虫和蜘蛛；72 h 后杭州茶园中捕获10目63科21526个昆虫和蜘蛛。(2)同翅目为优势类群。绍兴茶园中，纯白色板诱捕的同翅目种数占该色板捕获的总物种数的15.2%、同翅目个体数占该色板捕获的总个体数的34.1%；其它9种色板诱捕同翅目种数占各自捕获总种数的21.2%~31.0%、同翅目个体数占各自捕获总个体数的45.8%~75.4%。杭州茶园中，纯白、湖蓝和天蓝色板诱捕同翅目种数小于各自捕获的总种数的20%、同翅目个体数小于各自捕获的总个体数的51%；其它7种色板诱捕同翅目种数大于各自捕获的总种数的22.7%，果绿和墨绿诱捕的同翅目个体数占各自诱捕的总个体数的48.6%和49.8%，桃红、素馨黄、土黄、芽绿和桔黄诱捕的同翅目个体数占各自诱捕的总个体数的55.5%~78.1%。绍兴茶园中，素馨黄和芽绿诱捕的粉虱、假眼小绿叶蝉和广翅蜡蝉分别占两种色板诱捕的总个体数的67.7%和50.1%；杭州茶园中，素馨黄和芽绿诱捕的这几种害虫总数分别占二者诱捕的总个体数的707% 和59.2%。(3) 捕获的主要是害虫，绍兴茶园中诱捕的害虫数是天敌的1.63倍，杭州茶园中诱捕的害虫数是天敌的223倍。(4)色板之间引诱的种数和个体数差异显著。素馨黄和芽绿诱捕的种数和个体数最多、被捕昆虫的群落多样性指数很小，对叶蝉、粉虱和蜡蝉的引诱力最强；土黄和桔黄诱捕的种数和个体数较多、多样性指数较小，对同翅目昆虫的引诱力较强；纯白色诱捕的种数和个体数居中、多样性指数最大，即诱捕的各种昆虫的个体数差别小；果绿、桃红、墨绿和湖蓝诱捕的种数和个体数明显较少、多样性指数也较小；天蓝色诱捕的种数和个体数最少。(5) 寄生蝇类偏嗜蓝色，缨小蜂类、茧蜂类和小蜂类偏嗜芽绿色。建议将素馨黄和芽绿色板与信息素组合，分别用于监测和诱捕叶蝉和粉虱。
Abstract:In order to evaluate the potential of sticky coloured plates for monitoring and trapping insect pests and araneids in tea gardens, 10 types of sticky coloured plates were field tested in both organic (in Shaoxing) and non\|polluted (in Hangzhou) tea gardens in October 2008 when most of insects were abundant and active. And each colour repeated 10 times. The results showed that: (1) the numbers of orders, families and species trapped in Shaoxing tea garden were approximatively same as those in Hangzhou tea garden, with only a few of araneids. Over a 24 h period, 10200 individuals of insects and araneids of 53 families belonging to 9 orders were trapped in the organic tea garden in Shaoxing, on the ten types of sticky coloured plates. 21526 individual of insects and araneids of 63 families belonging to 10 orders were trapped in the non\|polluted tea garden in Hangzhou over a 72 h trapping period. (2) The Homoptera was the most dominant group. On the pure white plates in the Shaoxing, the numbers of Homopteran species and individuals accounted for 15.2% and 34.1% of the total trapped species and individuals, respectively. Numbers of Homopteran species trapped on other 9 coloured plates were 21.2%-31.0% of their corresponding total numbers of species trapped, whereas the numbers of Homopteran individuals trapped accounted for 45.8%-75.4% of their total trapped individuals. In non\|polluted tea garden in Hangzhou, the numbers of Homopteran species trapped by pure white, sea blue and sky blue plates were < 20% of their corresponding total number of species trapped; the numbers of Homopteran individuals were less than 51% of their totals. The numbers of Homopteran species trapped by other 7 types of coloured plates were more than 22.7%, in which Homopteran individuals trapped by apple green and ink green plates accounted for 48.6% and 49.8% of their corresponding totals, while the Homopteran numbers of individuals trapped by peach red, jasmine yellow, stone yellow, bud green and orange sticky plates were 55.5%-78.1% of their total catches. In the Shaoxing tea garden, the total numbers of whiteflies, tea green leafhoppers and ricaniids on the jasmine yellow and bud green plates accounted for 67.7% and 50.1% of their total individuals trapped, respectively; in the Hangzhou tea garden, they were 70.7% and 59.2%, respectively. (3) Most of the trapped insects were pests. The pest to natural enemy ratio of individual numbers was 1.93 in organic tea garden in Shaoxing, and was 2.23 in the non\|polluted tea garden in Hangzhou. (4) The numbers of species and individuals trapped on the different sticky coloured plates were significant different. Jasmine yellow and bud green plates trapped the highest numbers of species and individuals with a very low index of biodiversity H′, especially for leafhoppers, whiteflies, ricaniids and other Homopteran insects. Stone yellow and orange traps also showed high numbers of species and individuals (with low H′), the Homopteran insects in particular. Pure white plates captured decent numbers of species and individuals; however, its H′ was the highest, indicating relatively even number of individuals among the trapped species. The numbers of species and individuals captured on apple green, peach red, ink green or sea blue plates were low compared to the above mentioned coloured plates (with low H′), while sky blue was the least attractive colour.(5) Tachinidae preferred the blue over the other colours, while mymarids, braconid wasps and Chalcidoidea preferred the bud green. It is suggested that the jasmine yellow and bud green sticky plates, combined with pheromones, can be used to monitor and control the leafhopper and the whitefly in tea gardens.
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