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作 者 ：单延龙*,王淑群,曾超,翟成刚,张姣

期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 9期 页码：2254~2260

关键词：吉林省；林型；森林火灾；碳量释放；

Keywords:forest type, forest fire, carbon emission, Jilin Province,

摘 要 ：火是森林生态系统主要的干扰因子，森林火灾的频繁发生不仅使森林生态系统遭到破坏，同时也造成了含碳温室气体的大量释放。国际上对森林火灾释放温室气体的研究越来越多，中国学者也对我国森林火灾释放的温室气体进行了研究。当前，对森林火灾释放碳量的估算主要应用平均生物量数据，而不是应用每次森林火灾实际燃烧的生物量，另外对林型森林火灾碳释放的差异研究不够深入。根据每次森林火灾实际燃烧的生物量来研究吉林省主要林型森林火灾碳释放。根据吉林省1969—2004年的森林火灾统计数据，计算出了吉林省主要林型森林火灾释放碳量。其中，白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾直接释放的碳量占1969—2004年吉林省森林火灾碳释放总量的99.7%。白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾年均释放的碳量分别为6593.75-8791.66、5650.28-753371、3906.57-5208.76、2110.75-2814.33、1613.71-2151.61、295.49-393.98、234.37-312.50 t。用排放比法得出了吉林省主要林型森林火灾释放的CO2、CO、CH4量。白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾年均释放的CO2量分别为21759.36-29012.48、18645.93-24861.24、12891.69-17188.92、6965.46-9287.29、5325.25-710033、975.11-1300.14、773.43-1031.24 t，年均释放的CO量分别为1583.09-2110.78、1356.57-1808.76、937.93-1250.57、506.77-675.69、387.43-516.58、70.94-94.59、56.27-75.03 t，年均释放的CH4量分别为534.71-712.94、458.20-61093、316.80-422.39、171.17-228.22、130.86-174.48、23.96-31.95、19.01-25.34 t。通过时间系列分析，白桦林自1980年以后、针阔混交林自1984年以后和红松林自1983年以后已经不是主要森林火灾碳释放林型。目前主要森林火灾碳释放林型为阔叶混交林、落叶松林、柞树林和杨树林，特别是柞树林，年均碳释放为237.12-316.16 t。

Abstract:Wildfires are one of the main disturbance factors in forest ecosystems. Frequently occurred fires not only damage the forest ecosystems, but also emitting large amount of green house gases to the atmosphere. There have been a lot of research on the emission of green house gases of forest fires in the world, and Chinese scholars also have done a lot of research on this subject. The main shortcoming of former research on estimating green house emission from fire is mainly based on average biomass of forest ecosystems, but not based on actual biomass consumed by each fire events. Further more, there are not enough studies on the variation of green house gases emission among different forest types. What new in this research is that we used actually biomass consumed by each forest fire events to estimate green house emission for all major forest types in Jilin Province. The carbon emission from forest fires of main forest types in Jilin Province is estimated based on historical fire records during 1969-2004. These types, which are Betula alba forest, mixed broad-leaved forest, coniferous broad-leaved forest, larch forest, mongolian oak forest, Populus forest and Korean Pine forest, accounted for 997 total emission of that time, and each emitted 6593.75-8791.66, 5650.28-7533.71, 3906.57-5208.76, 211075-2814.33, 1613.71-2151.61, 295.49-393.98 and 234.37-312.50 t of carbon each year, respectively. This carbon emission is further assigned to CO2, CO and CH4 based on release ratio method. These types, which are Betula alba forest, mixed broad-leaved forest, coniferous broad-leaved forest, larch forest, mongolian oak forest, Populus forest and Korean Pine forest, emitted 21759.36-29012.48, 18645.93-24861.24, 12891.69-17188.92, 6965.46-9287.29, 5325.25-7100.33, 975.11-1300.14 and 773.43-1031.24 t of CO2 each year, respectively. Each emitted 1583.09-2110.78, 1356.57-1808.76, 937.93-1250.57, 506.77-675.69, 387.43-516.58, 70.94-94.59 and 56.27-75.03 t of CO each year, respectively. Each emitted 534.71-712.94, 458.20-610.93, 316.80-42239, 171.17-228.22, 130.86-174.48, 23.96-31.95 and 19.01-25.34 t of CH4 each year, respectively. Time serial analysis shows that 3 main types, Betula alba forest, coniferous broad-leaved forest, and Korean Pine forest stopped being main carbon sources in 1980, 1984, and 1983 respectively. Currently, main carbon emission forest types are mixed broad-leaved forest, larch forest, mongolian oak forest and populus forest. The mongolian oak forest is especially high carbon source with annual emission of 237.12-316.16 t.

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