作 者 ：王兴华,门明新,王树涛,陈亚恒*,霍习良,周亚鹏,许皞
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 14期 页码：3772~3783
Keywords:crop land, building area, sustainable development capacity, potential transferring relationship,
摘 要 ：耕地保护和建设用地扩张之间的矛盾愈来愈严重，严重威胁着社会经济的可持续发展。基于生态足迹理论，测算了卢龙县耕地和建设用地可持续发展容量和负荷系数，用以表征区域经济可持续发展所能容纳的耕地和建设用地规模，并以可供转用量为基准探讨了卢龙县耕地与建设用地潜在转换关系，结果表明：（1）1997—2008年卢龙县人均生态足迹、承载力和生态赤字分别为1.7667、0.5381hm2和1.2285hm2，平均每年增长3.40%、1.73%和4.29%；（2）耕地与建设用地足迹1997—2008年都处于增加趋势，耕地足迹多年平均为0.4621hm2/人，占总足迹的26.16%，建设用地足迹为0.0134hm2/人，其需求量较耕地明显下降。耕地承载力为0.3831hm2/人，占总承载力的71.20%；建设用地承载力0.1447hm2/人，占总承载力的2689%，平均每年增长0.63%；（3）耕地可持续发展容量逐渐小于现有实际耕地面积，出现耕地利用负荷现象，不再满足可持续发展要求；建设用地可持续容量具有一定的波动性，负荷系数多年平均大于2.20。（4）1997—2003年，耕地需求未曾超出可持续发展的要求，可供转用量锐减到1889.46hm2；2004—2005年，耕地维持可供转用量已出现负值，建设用地整理供应满足耕地可持续发展要求；2006—2008年，即使将所有建设用地超额全部整理为耕地也不能满足其需求。
Abstract:Land resources, as part of important natural resources, are the basis of existence and development of human society, which is also a key to the sustainable development of society. Increasing human population associated with decreasing land resources is the basic situation of China, which will consequently lead a fast conversion from farmland to construction land due to the speeding up industrialization and urbanization process in China. In this case, a full understanding of the reasonableness of regional land use structure can promote effective allocation of resources and development of regional economy, which may result in a positive impact on the regional population bearing capacity and sustainability, in addition, a profound impact on the coordination relationship between human being-arable land resources, human being-environment with the economic development can be anticipated. How to reasonably allocate the limited land resources according to the sustainable development of regional socio-economic conditions, ensure the land supply to meet the requirements of human production and live sustainable develop, ease the contradiction between people and land, is an important task in front of us. Sustainable development has been considered the most suitable strategy of human development, which requires that the regional population bearing capacity must be within the range of earth′s ecological carrying capacity (most appropriate standard). Therefore, assessing sustainable development is a hotspot and foreland of sustainable development research. Eco-footprint analysis method based on quantitatively measuring natural resources utilization is such a new approach to evaluate sustainable development. This method mainly includes two aspects: first, the development sustainability primarily depends on the status of ecological resources usage and consumption and the life-supporting capacity of ecosystem resources; second, all human beings have the equal right of using ecosystem resources, thus the quantitative assessment and comparison of different regional development sustainability and the specification of corresponding responsibility can fulfill the realization of eco-ethics fair. This paper calculated the sustainable capacity and load factor in Lulong country to show the scale of crop land and building area that the regional society and economy sustainable development can hold. It also explored the potential transferring relationship between crop land and building area based on the standards of available transformational quantity. The results showed that: (1) the ecological footprint, capacity and ecological deficit per capita in Lulong county are 17667 hm2, 0.5381 hm2 and 1.2285 hm2 respectively, which are associated with an average annual growth rate of 340%, 1.73% and 4.29%; (2) from 1997 to 2008, ecological footprints of crop land and building area are growing, where the annual ecological footprints of farmland and building area are 0.4621 hm2 and 0.0134 hm2 per capita, and the former accounts 26.16% of the total ecological footprint; in comparison with ecological footprint of farmland, a lower requirement by the ecological footprint of build area is found. The capacity of farmland and building area are 0.3831 hm2 and 0.1447 hm2 per capita, accounting 71.20% and 26.89% of the total capacity, respectively, and the later is associated with an annual increasing rate of 0.63%; (3) the gradual declining capacity of crop land sustainable development is lower than the current practical area, and a negative load factor of crop land is identified, which indicates that the requirement of sustainable development cannot be met；The capacity of building area is with certain variability and the average value of load factor is greater than 2.20; (4) from 1997 to 2003, the requirement of crop land was still lower than the sustainable development need, but the available transformational quantity had dropped sharply to 1889.46 hm2; from 2004 to 2005, although this quantity had exceeded the sustainable development requirement, it still can be met through restoring aborted building areas; from 2006 to 2008, the requirement cannot be met even if all aborted building areas have been restored to arable land.
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