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作 者 ：何平, 李林光, 王海波, 李慧峰, 常源升, 程来亮

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 7期 页码：1249-1254

关键词：60Co-γ辐照；苹果嫩枝；变异；

Keywords:60Co-γ, irradiation, apple shoot, mutagenic effect,

摘 要 ：为探讨辐照处理对苹果嫩枝嫁接成活率及变异率的影响,以富士嫩枝为试材,采用⁶⁰Co-γ射线以不同剂量进行辐照处理。结果表明,在20~60 Gy辐照剂量范围内,随着辐照剂量的增加,嫁接成活率呈下降趋势,枝条生长量减少,叶面积降低,二叉枝和多叉枝数量增加。半致死剂量LD₅₀为30 Gy,此剂量下嫁接成活率为49.2%;利用AFLP分子标记对成活的枝条进行变异检测,变异率达1.17%,变异梢多分布在二叉枝和多叉枝上,基因位点上的突变与枝梢形态变异有一定的相关性。本研究结果为加快选育苹果优良新品种提供了新途径。

Abstract:The mutagenic effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation at different doses on grafting survival rate and variation rate of the Fuji (Malus domestica Borkh.CV.Fuji) apple branches were studied and analyzed in this experiment. The results showed that the grafting survival rate and growth of grafted branches were influenced by ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation. After treated by ⁶⁰Co-γ rays from 20 to 40 Gy, the survival rate decreased with the increasing of the treatment dose, shoots growth and leaf area reduced, and the number of binary-cross branches and more-cross branches increased significantly. Because survival rate of grafted branches irradiated with 30 Gy ⁶⁰Co-γ rays was 49.2%, 30 Gy was identified as half lethal dose. Survival branches from grafted shoots after irradiated with ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation were used to identify the genetic variations with AFLP markers. Analysis showed that variation rate is 1.17%, most of variant shoots were distributed among binary-cross branches and more-cross branches. It provides evidence that there was correlation between the variation of DNA level and branch morphology. This study thus established a new method for speeding up breeding new cultivars of apple.

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