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作 者 ：曾红, 王小春, 陈国鹏, 陈诚, 蒲甜, 彭霄, 刘婷, 宋靖, 阳苏书, 杨文钰

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 7期 页码：1420-1426

关键词：烯效唑；喷药时期；玉米株型结构；群体产量；

Keywords:uniconazole, spraying period, maize structure, population yield,

摘 要 ：玉米-大豆带状复合种植中,良好的玉米株型结构是群体高产的基础,为探究烯效唑对套作群体作物株型及产量的影响,本试验以川单418为材料,分别于玉米8叶展(A₁)、10叶展(A₂)、12叶展(A₃)和14叶展(A₄)期用烯效唑喷施叶面,以各时期喷蒸馏水为对照(CK),分析玉米、大豆产量及形态结构等指标。结果表明,烯效唑喷施对玉米株型结构影响显著,在A₁~A₃时期喷药可显著降低玉米株高、穗位高、穗上部高度及穗位叶叶夹角,增加茎粗;喷药处理下大豆顶层透光率和产量均以A₁最高(49.97%,2 093.58 kg·hm^-2),分别较CK提高60.30%和38.68%;大豆株高随喷施时期呈上升趋势,茎粗、叶面积变化相反;玉米和群体产量呈先增后减趋势,均以A₂最高,分别较CK增产5.91%和11.21%。相关分析、通径分析表明,玉米穗位高、穗上部高度、穗位叶叶面积及穗上位叶叶面积与透光率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。穗上部高度是影响透光率的重要因素,而大豆茎粗、叶面积与透光率呈极显著正相关。研究表明,在玉米10叶展期喷施烯效唑,对其作物株型结构调整较合理,可获较佳的群体产量。

Abstract:The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of uniconazole on plant architecture and the yield of yield potential in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping (M-S) system is based on maize plant architecture. M-S system. Leaves of Chuandan 418 were sprayed with uniconazole on maize when the plants were at 8-(A₁),10-(A₂),12-(A₃) and 14-leaf exhibition stages (A₄).Plants at the same stages were sprayed with distilled water as control (CK). M-S morphological trait and the yield of Chuandan 418 were determined. Plants sprayed with uniconazole showed significant effects on maize plant architecture under M-S system, and decreased contents of the maize height, ear height, ear upper height and angle of the ear compared with CK, whereas increased in the stem diameter sprayed with A₁ and A₃. Here the effects were extremely significant, when the top transmittance and yields in intercropping soybean of uniconazole-treated plants in A1 with a highest value (49.97% and 2 093.58 kg·hm^-2) were 60.30% and 38.68% higher than their respective values of CK, respectively. With the spraying time delayed, the height of soybean showed a rising trend, but a decreased trend towards the stem diameter and leaf area. Firstly, the yield of maize and other groups increased and later decreased. They reached the highest yield in A₂, which were higher than that of the CK by 5.91% and 11.21%, respectively. Path analysis and correlation analysis showed that the negative correlation coefficient between maize of ear height, ear upper height, ear leaf area, ear host leaf area and transmittance were highly significant(P<0.01). Ear upper height of corn is an important factor which influences the upper high transmittance. Stem diameter and leaf area of intercropping soybean were positively correlated with transmittance. For a comprehensive performance of group architecture and yield, adjusting plant architecture by spraying uniconazole on the maize leaf extension10 can increase yield.

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