Abstract:Figs (Ficus, Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae) constitute the extreme example of interactions between plants and insects. Each fig species is pollinated by a single minute, pollen-bearing female wasp species that only depend on the particular fig syconia for the production of their offspring, so the relation is generally regarded as species-specific. However, exceptions to this ‘one to one rule’ are discovered. The patterns of co-divergence and speciation are expected in fig-fig wasp relations owing to extreme host specificity. The paper elaborated the advance of co-speciation between figs and fig wasps, and it is useful to know the perfect pairs and the mechanism of co-speciation.