Abstract:Taxus mairei is one of the Tertiary relic species and an endemic to China,being one of the state-protected one-grade rare and endangered plants,and distributed mainly alongside Yangzi River valley,in Nanling Mountains and some mountains in Guangdong,Guangxi,Jiangxi,Henan,Shaanxi,Gansu,Taiwan and Shanxi etc. The eco-environmental characteristics of Taxuus marirei areas are that heat energy is efficiency,climate is warmer and moisture.The endangered reasons for T. marei are involved with:(1)Its quantities of seeds produced from a plant annual is fewer,the germination ratio of the seeds and the survivor ratio of the juvenile are very lower,(2)the population of T. mareis is in competition with the other plants for various resources is disadvantageous,(3)its geographical distribution has some limitations,(4)it needs a relative special habitat, i.e. moisture habitat and warmer climate and (5) the intervention of human activities is severity,including several cutting,gopher utilization and the destroy of habitat for T. mareis. Furthermore,the strategies for the conservation and sustainable utilization of T. mairei are discussed,respectively.