作 者 ：林有润
期 刊 ：植物研究 1997年 17卷 1期 页码：6-27
Keywords:Compositae from China, Systematics and floristics,
摘 要 ：为1993年"菊科植物的系统分类与区系地理的初步探讨"(世界)一文的姊妹篇,重点论述我国菊科的系统分类及其区系地理成分。文中介绍了分布我国的菊科240属隶于2亚科、5超族、11族中的系统位置。论述了我国菊科植物区系地理成分的特点是:1.大洲间共同分布或洲际间断分布的属多,且具明显的热带亲缘;2.与亚洲国家,包括中亚国家或亚洲热带国家共同分布的属多,尤其是成"中亚-青藏高原-喜马拉雅山"地区分布的属多;3.中国特有属多,其中我国西南省区特有属最多。文中还讨论了分布我国菊科各族祖先种的起源、迁移以及我国区系地理热带亲缘和"横断山脉-喜马拉雅山脉(东)森林植物亚区"菊科植物分布的特点。
Abstract:The Phylogeny of Genera of Compositae in China, which is the sister paper, On the Primary Study of the Systematics and Floristics of Compositae (in the World) in 1993, is dedicated, and the Floristic Elements of Geography of it in China is also offered. There are 240 genera, in which 24 were introduced and cultivated for a long time, in China, and it is included in two subfamilies, 5 supertribes and 11 tribes. In the genera 7 are the world-wide distributions, 19 are the pantropic or to warm subtropic, or N. hemispheric-Africal (Eurasia-N. America -Africa) distributional genera, 32 genera are Asia-N. America, Asia-Pacific, Asia-Africa, or Asia discontinuous distributions with other 2 continents, 28 are the Mediterranean-E. or S. Asia distributional genera, 12 genera are Eurasia distribution and 14 genera are N. Temperate-wide distribution, 45 genera are C. Asian, or C. Asian-Qinghai-Xizang Plateau-Himalayan Mts. distributions, 5 are Asian Tropic or warm subtropic distributional genera, 19 are N. E. Asia, and 6 are Asia-wide distributional genera. Besides, there are 29 endemic genera in China. It is obvious, the floristic characteres of geography are:1. The Floristic Elements of Geography of Compositae in China are with rich continental distributional or discontinuously distributional genera, and both of which are 112 genera in China, and in it 86 genera are with tropic relationship in Floristics; 2. There are 75 genera, which distribute in both China and other Asian countries, especially with C. Asian countries or the C. Asia-Qinghai-Xizang Plateau-Himalayn Mts. distributions, latter are contained 45 genera. Besides, there are 28 genera, which distribute in the Mediterranean and also in China, and 3. There are 29 endemic genera in China, especially in Hengduang-Himalayan Mts. areas, where 13 genera are contained. It is, perhaps, migrated into Asia, then to China and diverged many genera and species, incl. the regional endemic genera and species, from the ancestors of tribes and genera of Compositae from speciation centre before or in Tertiary Period. Most of the ancestors of genera of Trib. Heliantheae, Inuleae, Eupatorieae, Senecioneae, Vernonieae and Mutisieae were migrated along the Gondwana Land, via S. America, S. Africa, Australia and also S. Asia, where the ancestor entered into S. and S.-E. China, a few genera of above tribes migrated along Laurasia Land, through N.-W. America into N. Asia, then to N. or N.-E. China. But the ancestors of genera of Trib. Anthemideae and Astereae were mainly migrated from speciation centre along Laurasia Land and via N.-W. America into N. Asia, only a few ancestors of the tribes migrated into Europe and some genera migrated along Gondwana Land into S. America Australia, and S. Asia, and distributed in S., S.-E. and S.-W. China. Besides, the ancestors of Trib. Calenduleae, Cynareae and Cichorieae migrated mainly along Gondwana Land, but in Africa, through the Mediterranean, C. Asia or S.-W. Asia into China. Those genera are distributed mainly in N.-W. and S.-W. China, except a few more widely distributional genera, which are also distributed in N.-E. and S.-E. China.
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