Abstract:Seven species of Hantzschia(Bacillariophyta) are first reported from Xinjiang and Neimeng’gu Province in China. They are Hantzschia abundans Lange-Bertalot, H.alkaliphila Lange-Bertalot, H.barckhausenii Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin, H.longa Lange-Bertalot, H.paracompacta Lange-Bertalot, H.spectabilis(Ehrenberg) Hustedt and H.subvivacior Lange-Bertalot. The taxonomic characteristics, LM (light microscope) or SEM (scanning electron microscope) photos and ecological affinities were described for each taxon. It will provide new data on the geographical distribution of this genus.