Abstract:Comarative anatomy to pinna and rachis of Dioon holmgrenii and Macrozamia moorei were carried out and also analysed. The results showed that the structures of two species were quite different.The pinna of D. holmgrenii only had stomatal apparatus in lower epidermis，and 1 to 2 layers shorter palisade tissues in adaxial surface, the arranged patterns of vascular bundle and mucilage canal was that they were oppsite arrangement as couple in anticlinal direction; the pinna of M. moorei had stomatal apparatus in upper epidermis and lower epidermis，and had 2 to 3 layers palisade tissues in adaxial and its surface, it was isobilateral leaf, the arranged pattern of vascular bundle and mucilage canal was that they were interval arrangement in periclinal direction. The structures of vascular bundle and leaf margin were also different. In rachis, stomatal apparatus number of D. holmgrenii was obviously fewer than M. moorei, there was a ring palisade tissue what contains plentiful chloroplasts distributing on inside of epidermis, and sponge tissue contains more chloroplasts distributing on the inside of the palisade tissue, there were no these characters in D. holmgrenii. Otherwise, in ground tissues of M. moorei, there were more accessory transfusion tissue，but D. holmgrenii were no the feature.The size and arranged pattern of mucilage canal of two species were quite different. The developed extent of phloem of D. holmgrenii were obviously more than xylem, however, in M. moorei, the developed extent between phloem and xylem were near. Furthermore, the arrangement pattern of vascular bundle of two species were different.The characteristic relation of structure characteristic and their adaptability to eco-environment.