全 文 ：植　　　物　　　研　　　究
BULLETIN OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
第 18 卷　第 4 期 1998 年　10 月
Vol.18　No.4 Oct., 　1998
濒危植物裂叶沙参种群生殖力表的研究
张文辉　祖元刚
(东北林业大学森林植物生态学开放研究实验室 ,哈尔滨 150040)
摘　要　本文分别以当年产种子数量和一年生幼苗数量为基础 ,编制了裂叶沙参种
群(总和)和海拔 2300-2400m , 2700-2900m , 2900-3100m , 3100-3400m 4个不
同海拔区域种群的生殖力表 ,分析了不同种群两种生殖表的种群内禀增长率(rm),
周限增殖率(λ),净增长率(R0),毛增长率(G)等动态参数与种群动态的关系;比较
了两种生殖力表的特点和利弊;讨论了裂叶沙参种群生殖生态学特性和种群发展趋
势及其与环境因素的关系 。以种子数量为基础编制的生殖力表的各种群动态参数
表明 ,裂叶沙参具有较强的产生种子的能力 ,特别是在生境条件较好的海拔 2700-
3100m区域 ,种群个体结实量可达到很高的水平 。以一年生幼苗数量为基础编制的
生殖力表表明 ,裂叶沙参种群从整体上呈衰退趋势。但不同种群间存在差异:在海
拔 2300-2400m ,水份条件较好的特殊生境和海拔 2900-3100m 的种群呈稳定特
征;而海拔 2700-2900m ,3100-3400m 的种群呈缓慢衰退特征 。以种子数量为基
础编制的生殖力表可以反映裂叶沙参种群产生种子的能力和生殖生态学特征;而以
一年生幼苗数量为基础编制的生殖力表包含了种子库的生态学过程 ,能较好的反映
种群动态特征。在实践中 ,两种生殖力表应配合使用 ,才能全面刻划种群生殖生态
学和种群动态特征。
关键词　濒危植物;裂叶沙参种群;生殖力表;种子产量;一年生幼苗数量
STUDYON POPULATION FECUNDITY
SCHEDULESOF ADENOPHORA LOBOPHYLLA ,
AN ENDANGERED SPECIES
Zhang Wen-hui　Zu Yuan-gang
(Open Research Laboratory of Fo rest Plant Eco logy , Northeast Forestry Univ ersity , Harbin 150040)
Abstract　The fecundity schedules of the whole population and 4 dif ferent populations
国家自然科学基金“八五”重大项目资助(No.39391500)
　收稿日期:1998年 8月
at altitude 2300-2400m , 2700-2900m ,2900-3100m ,3100-3400m were compiled
respectively based on the number of seeds and the number of seedlings at one year old.
Two kinds of fecundity schedules and their population dynamic parameters , the intrin-
sic rate of natural increase (rm), the fini te rate of natural increase (λ), the net and
gross reproductive rates(Ro , G)etc.were compared and analyzed.The population re-
productive ecological characteristics and the population dynamics tendency have been
discussed.The reproductive parameters of population , the net and gross reproductive
rate(Ro sd ,Gsd)f rom the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds show that A.lobo-
phyl la population has the st ronger abili ty to yield the seeds , especially in the favorable
condition.However , the int rinsic rate of natural increase(rmsg), the fini te rate of natu-
ral increase(λsg), the net and g ross reproductive rate (Rosg , Gsg)f rom the fecundity
schedule on the number of seedlings at one year old suggest that the w hole A.lobo-
phyl la population is declining slow ly .There are differences among the populat ions:the
population at altitude 2300-2400m in the better w ater condition and the population at
altitude 2900-3100m perform the stable characteristics(rmsg=0.0000 ,λsg=1.0000),
while the populations at altitude 2700-2900m ,3100-3400m perform the slow ly de-
clining characteristics(rmsg=-0.0001 ,λsg=0.9999).Comparing with 2 kinds of the
fecundi ty schedules , the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds can show the pop-
ulation reproductive characteristics to produce the seeds.Whereas the fecundity sched-
ules on the number of seedlings at one year old can be successful to explain the popula-
tion dynamic tendency because it includes the info rmation f rom the ecological process of
seed bank in soil.Therefore , i t is necessary that 2 kinds of the fecundity schedules
should be used together w hen explaining the population dynamic and reproductive eco-
logical characteristics.
Key words 　Endangered plant;Adenophora lobophyl la population;The fecundity
schedule;The number of seeds;The number of seedlings
1.Introduction
The plant fecundity schedule is compiled based on the rate of survival and the number of
y oung individuals which was bo rne by the mother individuals at dif ferent ages〔5 ,7 ,8〕.From the
fecundi ty schedules , not only the rate of population survival , but also the int rinsic rate of natu-
ral increase(rm), the finite rate of natural increase(λ), the net and gross reproduct ive rates(Ro ,
G)etc., important population dynamic parameters can be obtained.This is an impo rtant
method to explain the plant population dynamic tendency〔7 , 8 , 9 , 10〕.Up to now , the fecundity
schedules have been used in the plant experimental populations and the natural populations in-
cluding perennial woody species for many years〔7 ,15〕.However , the report on fecundity schedule
of the endangered plant is rare.
A denophora lobophlla is a typical endangered plant species in China
〔11—13〕.Owing to its
488 植　　物　　研　　究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　18 卷
importance in ecology , the w ork on genetic diversity , morphology variation have been report-
ed〔1 ,2 ,3〕.However , the know ledge on the populat ion reproductive ecological characteristics of
this species has been known lit tle〔4 ,16〕.Undoubtedly , the study on the fecundity schedule of
A .lobophy lla is a very important basic w ork for explaining the reproductive characters , en-
dangered status and forecasting the tendency of populations.
The fecundity schedules on the number of seeds borne by mother individuals at different
ages were compiled by some former scholar
〔7〕.Although these results can explain some charac-
teristics of reproduction , it s population dynamics parameters , such as the int rinsic rate of natu-
ral increase (rmsd), the finite rate of natural increase (λsd), the net and g ross reproductive rate
(Rosd , Gsd)etc., can not forecast the population dynamic tendency exactly.One impo rtant rea-
son for this is that it neglects the complicate and harsh process of envi ronmental sift from the
seeds in the soil to the seedlings at one year old , in w hich only very few seeds could be luck to
develop to be the seedling s at one year old.In this paper , we compiled tw o kinds of fecundity
schedules , one is based on the number of seeds and the other is based on the number of seedling
at one year old.The aims are to compare the dif ferences between two kinds of fecundity sched-
ules , to explain the sexual reproductive characteristics of A .lobophyl la population and its dy-
namic tendency , and to explore the relation betw een the reproductive characteristics of A .
lobophyl la populations and the environmental condition.
2.Materials and Methods
A .lobophy lla is a perennial herb.living in the drought-enduring shrub o r herbaceous
communi ties〔6 ,11 , 13〕.It begins the sexual reproduct ion af ter 2 years old.The blossom and fruit
period is f rom the middle of July to the end of October〔11 ,12〕.A .lobophylla distributes in the
arid valley at altitude 2300-3400m , on the east boundary in Qingzang plateau , Jinchuan coun-
ty (31°08′-31°58′N , and 101°13′-102°19′E)in Sichuan province〔6 ,13〕.This area is w arm
temperate monsoon climate , with clear dry season(November-April)and rainy season(May
-October).The mean annual rainfall is 616.2mm.The mean annual temperature is 12.
8℃〔11 ,12 , 16〕.There are a few kinds of soil , which are mainly hilly drab soil , hilly brow n soil
and dark brow n soil
〔11〕.At alt itude 2000-2600m , the vegetation is mainly composed of xerox
-spur-bush and xerox-herb communi ties.At altitude 2500-3400m , it is sub-high moun-
tain conifer-broad mixed forest.
The field investigations w ere carried out f rom the end of August to the end of September in
1994.During this time , the new f low er buds on individuals had stopped to appear on the
plant , and majority of f ruit s had begun to mature〔11 ,12〕.
According to environmental conditions , 29 sample plots of A.lobophyl la populations at
different altitudes from 2300m (the low limit)to 3400m (the high limit)〔11 , 13〕have been inves-
tigated.There w ere 2 plots w hich were investigated at least every increment of altitude 100m.
The areas of sample plo ts usually are 8-70m2.Because the number of A.lobophy lla popula-
tion is sparse in the field condition , we had to select the areas w here is w as higher population
4894 期　　　　　　　　　　张文辉等:濒危植物裂叶沙参种群生殖力表的研究(英)
densi ty as sample plots.The individual number per 100m2 had been calculated in order to com-
pare different popuations.After investigating environmental factors , all individuals in the plots
w ere dug up from root as carefully as possible in o rder to measure them further in the
laboratory.The age of every individual w as identified by its bud scars on the perennial coron-
a〔16〕.
The number of seeds(Bsdx)which the mo ther individuals at different ages produced w as
obtained from the measurements of individual samples.3 individuals at every age interval(usu-
ally 1 year)which w ere no rmal grow th and middle size were selected to determine the number
of f rui ts , f low ers , f low er buds on the individual samples at specif ic ages.Usually , 96%young
fruits , 93%f low ers , 89% f low er buds on the individual samples were to develop to be mature
fruits according to the supplementary investigation in the middle of October w hen the individual
g row th of A .lobophylla had stopped.4 no rmal mature f ruit s on every main stems w ere mea-
sured , the seeds in w hich w ere counted and w eighted by elect ronic balance (AE 260).Based
on this data , the mean number of mature seeds produced by every mother individual at specific
age w as obtained.The probability (Ps)for seeds to develop to be seedlings at one year old w as
estimated by the number of all seeds produced by mother individuals and the number of all
seedlings at one year old in the plot(Table.3).The number of the seedling (Bsg x)at one year
old which were produced by the mother individuals at every age w as obtained by the equation:
Bsg x=Bsdx＊Ps.
The methods of compiling fecundity schedules is as fellow s〔5 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,10〕:
lx:the propo rt ion of survivors at age x.(the number of seed or the number of seedling at one
year old is standardized to be l).
Bx:the mean number of of fspring (seeds or seedling)borne by the mother individuals at age x.
Ro:the net reproductive rate , Ro=∑∞
0
Bx＊lx
G:the g ross reproductive rate , G=∑∞
0
Bx
T :the mean generation time , T =∑∞
0
x ＊lx＊Bx/ ∑∞
0
lx＊Bx
rm:the intrinsic rate of natural increase , approximately:rm=ln Ro/ T.
λ:the f inite rate of natural increase ,λ=erm .
t:the time of population doubling , t=ln2/ rm=0.6931/ rm.
In this paper , 2 kinds of fecundi ty schedules have been compiled based on the number of
seeds(Bsdx)and the number of seedlings (Bsgx)which is f rom the corresponding number of
seeds(the subscript , sd indicates seed , sg indicates seedling fo r all parameters).
Because the A .lobophy lla populations at alt itude 2300-2500m , 2500-2700m perfo rm
seriously declining status , and thei r age st ructures can not meet the demands for compiling the
fecundi ty schedules , their fecundi ty schedules were not compiled.However , the w hole popula-
tion(29 sample plots)include the sample plots of these tw o populations.In this paper , the fe-
cundity schedules of 4 populations at altitude 2300-2400m , 2700-2900m , 2900 -3100m ,
490 植　　物　　研　　究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　18 卷
3100-3400m and the w hole population have been compiled and discussed.
3.Results and Discusses
3.1　The comparison and analy sis on the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds of A .
lobophyl la population
3.1.1　The characteristics of the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds of the w hole pop-
ulation.The fecundi ty schedules of the w hole population f rom alt itude 2300 to 3400m(29 sam-
ple plots)(Table 1.)can show the basic reproductive characteristics of A .lobophylla popula-
tion.The A .lobophylla population starts its sexual reproduction to produce seeds af ter 2 years
old.As the ages increase , the number of seeds increases.Until 18 years old , the number of
seeds reaches the peak value.After that , as ages function , the number of seed decrease.The
g ross reproductive rate (G sd)of the whole population is 23496 , that indicates an mother indi-
vidual could yield 23496 seeds in i ts lifet ime on an average.The mean generation time(Tsd)of
the w hole population is 10.82 year.
Table 1 　The fecundity schedule of the whole A.lobophyl la population (29 sample
plots)on the number of seeds
x lx Bsdx lx＊Bsdx lx＊Bsdx.＊x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12
15
18
21
23
25
1.000
0.618
0.361
0.283
0.251
0.178
0.171
0.157
0.131
0.115
0.112
0.082
0.056
0.009
0.009
0.000
72.270
193.906
700.154
935.278
955.278
1094.085
1470.368
1743.970
2847.990
2964.720
3800.910
3219.140
2377.365
1120.180
0.000
44.677
69.923
198.494
234.381
170.015
186.979
230.554
228.809
327.234
332.938
311.295
181.238
22.109
10.418
0.000
89.355
209.768
793.975
1171.903
1020.089
130.854
1844.430
2059.280
3926.809
4994.071
5603.302
3805.989
508.818
260.442
Rosd=2549.602;rmsd=0.7245;λsd=2.0637;T sd=10.8263;t sd=0.9567;G sd=23496.01
Note:1x:the rate of survivors at age x;Bsdx:the mean number of seeds borne by the mother individual at age x;Ro sd:the
net reproductive rate;rmsd:the int rinsic rate of natural increase;λsd:the fini te rate of natu ral increase;T sd:the m ean generat ion
time;t sd:the time of population doubling;G sd:the gross reproductive rate;(Subscript sd indicates that the fecundity schedules is
based on the number of seeds).
The principal parameters concerning population dynamics , the net reproductive rate
(Rosd), the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rmsd), the fini te rate of natural increase(λsd), the
time of population doubling (tsd)(Table 2)all are very higher , which seems to show the w hole
A .lobophy lla population is a ex tending population rapidly.Actually these parameters could
4914 期　　　　　　　　　　张文辉等:濒危植物裂叶沙参种群生殖力表的研究(英)
not fit the reali ty of A.lobophyl la population dynamics exactly.However , these parameters
could show that the A .lobophyl la population had high investment in the sexual reproduction ,
and also reflect the populat ion reproductive features and the adaptable strategies.That is , the
producing offsprings of A .lobophyl la population depends on the larger number of seeds.
Table 2　The principal parameters of fecundity schedules of the different A.lobophylla
populations on the number of seeds in the natural conditions
Populations Alt.(m) Rosd Rmsd λsd T sd t sd G sd
2300-3400
(w hole population)
2300-2400
2700-2900
2900-3100
3100-3400
2549.062
2149.315
2897.065
1278.972
1310.486
0.7245
0.7486
0.8105
0.5508
0.8491
2.0637
2.114
2.249
1.7346
2.3376
10.8263
10.2502
9.8356
12.9891
8.4538
0.9567
0.9260
0.8552
1.2585
0.8163
23496.01
18967.28
26309.22
19415.85
4821.04
3.1.2　The comparison and analysis on the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds of dif-
ferent populations at altitudes 2300-2400m , 2700-2900m , 2900-3100m , 3100 -3400.
The fecundi ty schedules of different populations show similar reproductive characteristics to
these of the w hole populat ion.However , the concerned population dynamic parameters are dif-
ferent(Table 2).This situat ion show that the reproductive process of A .lobophylla popu-
laiton w ere inf luenced by the envi ronmental conditions.
Comparing w ith 4 different populations at altitude 2300-2400m , 2700-2900m ,2900-
3100m ,3100-3400m , the principal reproduct ive parameters , the Rosd and G sd , of 2 populations
at altitude 2700-2900m , 2900-3100m are higher than those of other populations.Below o r
above this altitude scope it become lower.Usually under the favorable condition , the plant pop-
ulation w ould try to produce mo re seeds in order to ex tend its size〔5 , 9〕.In this area the drought
and external disturbance are the key factors to confine the plant population grow th and exten-
sion〔7〕.However , at altitude 2700-3100m , the drought and ex ternal disturbance has been al-
leviated.This habi tat is favorable for A .lobophy lla population to execute it s sexual reproduc-
tion , and the Rosd and G sd could reach higher values.Below altitude 2700m , suffering f rom the
climate drought and the ex ternal disturbance , the sexual reproduction of A.lobophyl la popula-
tion w ere reduced unavoidably.Above altitude 3100m the lower temperature w as assumed to
confine the sexual reproduct ion of A .lobophy lla population.Moreover , as the altitude increas-
es , the light , precipitation , soil , etc.ecological factors also changed.These factors would in-
f luence the survival and reproductive st rategy of A .lobophylla population and make the values
of Rosd and Gsd become low er.
The population dynamic parameters , rmsd andλsd of 4 dif ferent A.lobophyl la populations
at altitude 2300-2400m , 2700-2900m , 2900-3100m , 3100-3400m , perfo rm the chang-
ing pattern:higher-lower-higher , while changing pattern of Tsd and t sd:lower-higher-
lower as altitude increases.These changing pattern of parameters of populations are the result
of the comprehensive interaction between the environmental conditions and the viability of pop-
492 植　　物　　研　　究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　18 卷
ulations.These show the sexual reproduct abili ty for A.lobophylla populations to yield seeds
in the dif ferent condi tions.Usually , rmsd , λsd , under favo rable condition should be higher.
However , the higher values of the rmsd , λsd of A .lobophy lla poopulation at alti tude 3100-
3400m , was assumed to be due to the short life span of the population in this area.
3.2　The comparison and analysis on the fecundity schedules of A .lobophylla populations on
the number of seedlings at one year old
Although the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds have shown some reproductive
characteristics , the concerned dynamic parameters(rmsd ,λsd , tsd etc.)of population could not fit
the reality of A .lobophyl la population dynamics exactly.The main reason is that the biologi-
cal process f rom seed to seedling w as neglected.If this process w as included , the number of the
seedlings at one year old should be used to compile the fecundity schedules.In this sense , the
fecundi ty schedules on the number of seedlings at one year old of w hole population and 4 dif fer-
ent populations at 2300 -2400m , 2700-2900m , 2900-3100m , 3100-3400m have been
compiled.The number of seedling at one year old produced by the mother individual at age x
w as estimated by the probability for seed to develop to be seedling (Table 3)and the number of
seed produced by mo ther individual at age x from the corresponding fecundi ty schedules on the
number of seed.
Table 3　The probability for seed to develop to be seedl ing of the different A.lobophyl-
la populations in the natural condition
Populat ions
alt.(m)
2300-3400
(w hole population) 2300-3400 2700-2900 2900-3100 3100-3400
Probability 0.00039 0.00047 0.00035 0.00078 0.00076
The fecundity schedules on the number of seedling at one year old of w hole population(29
sample plots)(Table 4)show its basic features.A .lobophy lla population at 2 years old begins
i ts sexual reproduction and produces seedlings.As the age increases , the reproductive ability is
strengthened until 18 years old.After that , the reproductive ability reduces rapidly .This pat-
tern is similar to those of the fecundity schedules on the number of seeds.However the princi-
pal parameters of population dynamics are very dif ferent.The parameters , the net reproductive
rate (Rosg=0.9975), the int rinsic rate of natural increase(rmsg=-0.0002), the finite rate of
natural increase(λsg=0.9998), all suggest A .lobophylla population is declining slow ly .The
parameter , the negative value of time of population doubling(t sg=-2986.8)suggests that the
time of whole population size reduced by double needed 2986 years.The parameter , the gross
reproductive rate(G sg=9.9194)implies the mean expected number of seedlings at one year
old , which the mother individual produce in its life.The mean generation time (Tsg =10.
8263)is the mean age of mother w hich is similar to that of the fecundity schedule on the num-
ber of seeds.It is clear that the fecundity schedules on the number of seedling s at one year old
is better to fit the reailty of the A.lobophy lla population dynamics.
4934 期　　　　　　　　　　张文辉等:濒危植物裂叶沙参种群生殖力表的研究(英)
　　Table 4　The fecundity schedule of whole A.lobophylla populations(29 sample plots)
on the number of seedlings at one year(Subscript sg indicates seedl ings at one
year old)
x lx Bsg x lx＊Bsgx lx＊Bsgx＊x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12
15
18
21
23
25
1.0000
0.6182
0.3606
0.2835
0.2506
0.1779
0.1709
0.1568
0.1312
0.1149
0.1123
0.0819
0.0563
0.0093
0.0093
0.0000
0.0283
0.0759
0.2740
0.3660
0.3740
0.4281
0.5754
0.6824
1.1144
1.1601
1.4873
1.2596
0.9303
0.4383
0.000
0.0175
0.0274
0.0777
0.0917
0.0665
0.0732
0.0902
0.0895
0.1280
0.1303
0.1218
0.0709
0.0087
0.0041
0.000
0.0350
0.0821
0.3107
0.4586
0.3992
0.5121
0.7218
0.8058
1.5365
1.9542
2.1926
1.4892
0.1990
0.1019
Rosg=0.9975;rmsg=-0.0002;λsg=0.9998;T sg=10.8259;t sg=-2986.8;G sg=9.1941
In the same w ay , the fecundity schedules on the number of seedlings of dif ferent popula-
tions at 2300-2400m , 2700-2900m ,2900-3100m , 3100-3400m have been compiled.Ow-
ing to the differences of environmental condition , the principal parameters of dif ferent popula-
tions are variable(Table 5).The results of fecundity schedules on the number of seedlings at
one year old suggest that the 2 populations at altitude 2300-2400m and 2900-3100m main-
tain the stable status respectively (rmsg=0.0000 ,λsg=1.0000 , Rosg=0.9998 and 1.0002).
The other 2 populations at altitude 2700-2900m , 3100 -3400m perform slow ly declining
characteristics.The positive value of t sg implies the time for the population to double , while
negative value of tsg implies the time fo r the populat ion to decrease by double.The Gsg values
imply the expected number of seedling s at one year old , which the mo ther individuals produce
in thei r life.From altitude 2300 to 3400m , G sg values of 4 populations show the changing pat-
tern:low to high and to low again , a li ttle different f rom that of the fecundity schedules on the
number of seeds because the different probabilities f rom seed to seedling at the altitudes.
The fate of seed af ter maturing and dispersing f rom its mother individual , was inf luenced
by the temperature , rainfall and the soil condi tions.And it affects population dynamic directly.
In the favorable condi tion , and the probability from seed to seedling is large , the number of
seedling at one year old is plenty in the recrui tment resource , the population w ould perform the
developing features.For instance , although the Gsd value of the population at altitude 2900-
3100m is not the highest(19415.85)comparing wi th other populations(Table 2), its probabili-
ty from seed to seedling is higher(Table 3).Therefo re , The G sg of the population become the
494 植　　物　　研　　究　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　18 卷
highest(15.1832)(Table 5), and the population at 2900-3100m perfo rms the extending fea-
tures.From this situat ion , we could infer the environmental condition at alti tude 2900-3100m
for A.lobophy lla population is optimum condition compared wi th other habitat.
Table 5　The principal parameters of fecundity schedules of the different A.lobophylla
populations on the number of seedl ings at one year old in the natural condition
Populat ions
Alt.(m) Rosg rmsg λsg T sg t sg G sg
2300-3400
(w hole population) 0.9975 -0.0002 0.9998 10.8259 -2986.808 9.1941
2300-2400 0.9998 0.0000 1.0000 10.2460 -41263.930 8.8195
2700-2900 0.9992 -0.0001 0.9999 9.8421 -8288.231 9.1015
2900-3100 1.0002 0.0000 1.0000 12.9892 57393.250 15.1832
3100-3400 0.9995 -0.0001 0.9999 8.4538 -10855.17 3.6768
3.3　The comparison and analysis on tw o kinds of fecundity schedules on the number of seeds
and the number of seedling s at one year old.
The fecundity schedules on the number of seeds could show some reproductive features of
population , especially , the population ability to produce the seed.Strictly , when the mother
individual dispersed its seeds in the soil , the reproductive process has been finished because the
seed is new generation , Therefore , the fecundity schedule on the number of seed is reasonable.
However , because the biological process from seed to seedling in the soil w ere neglected , the fe-
cundity schedules on the number of seed can no t include the all life cy cle of plant.Therefore ,
the parameters f rom them can not fo recast population dynamics status exactly .
The fecundity schedules on the number of seedling include no t only the processes of birth ,
death , emigration , immig ration from young seedling at one year to dead age but also the bio-
logical process from seed to seedling in the soil.Therefo re , the parameters could be used to
forecast the population dynamics.In fact , for every seed , the opportuni ty to develop to be a
seedling is equal in the given habitat.The mo re seeds the mother individuals produce , the more
seedlings they will develop.Therefore , from the point of view on statistics , the fecundity
schedules on the number of seedling at one years old are reasonable.The fecundity schedule
w hich is compiled on the number of seedling from one year old to dead age has included the in-
formation of the rate of seed death in the soil.Therefo re , i t includes all biolog ical processes in
life cy cle.Although the seed have been a new generation , f rom the point of the view on biolo-
gy , the fecundity schedules on the number of seedling have made up the defect of the fecundity
schedules on the number of seeds.
One of aims of fecundity schedules is to explain the population dynamics.It is clear that
the fecundity schedules on the number of seedlings can achieved this aim , while the fecundity
schedules on the number of seeds can show the population reproductive characteristics.There-
fore , i t is necessary that 2 kinds of fecundity schedules be used together to explain the charac-
4954 期　　　　　　　　　　张文辉等:濒危植物裂叶沙参种群生殖力表的研究(英)
teristics of reproductive ecology in natural plant population.
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