Abstract:Rice dwarf virus (RDV) is an icosahedral double-shelled particle, and the genome of RDV is composed of 12-segment, double-stranded RNAs. RDV is an important pathogen of rice plant. The similarity of corresponding genome segment of RDV Fujian isolate, in China was compared with that of Japan isolate on nucleotide sequence. The results showed that the similarity was more than 92% between the corresponding segments of the two RDV isolates, and the biggest similarity being 96%. Also, the function of the structure protein P1, P2, P3, P5, P7, P8, including P9 considered as non-structure protein in the past time, and the non-structure proteins Pns4, Pns6, Pns10, Pns11 and Pns12 coded by different genome segments during the course of the replication and assembly of RDV were reviewed. Simultaneously, the development of studies on the 3-dimensional structure of RDV particle was summarized. Especially, the crystallography structures of the inner and outer shell of RDV particle were elucidated. The mechanism of its replication and assembly of RDV particle were presented in brief. Some previous results indicated the core proteins and dsRNAs interact as one unit suggesting a mechanism for assortment of viral RNAs and subsequent packaging into core particles. Finally, we proposed that it be feasible to apply the gene engineering against virus based on parasite-derived resistance (PDR) to control RDV.