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作 者 ：王 飞，林 诚，李清华，何春梅，李 昱，林新坚

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 2期 页码：283-290

Keywords:yellowpaddy, rice, quality, soilfertility,

摘 要 ：在福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验的第26年，研究了不同施肥处理对水稻子粒品质性状与土壤肥力因子的影响。结果表明，化肥+牛粪（NPKM）、化肥+秸秆还田（NPKS）及单施化肥（NPK）处理的水稻子粒必需氨基酸含量分别较不施肥（CK）处理提高256%、161%、131%，差异显著; 粗蛋白与淀粉含量则分别提高111141与2339个百分点，均以NPKM处理增效最为突出。各施肥处理显著提高了子粒氮、磷含量，升幅最高的NPKM处理分别比CK提高261%、311%,且提高了子粒钙、镁、硫中量元素含量。子粒氮、磷、镁、硫含量与氨基酸呈显著正相关，子粒氮、钙、硫含量与淀粉呈显著正相关。3个施肥处理均提高了土壤有机质及有效养分含量，并以速效钾的增加最为明显。此外，土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷等肥力因子与子粒氨基酸、淀粉品质性状均呈显著正相关; 土壤碱解氮和子粒氮含量与土壤速效磷及子粒磷含量均呈显著正相关。综合考虑施肥对水稻产量、品质性状与稻田土壤肥力的影响，以NPKM处理最优。

Abstract:Based on data collected at the 26th year of a longterm fertilization experiment in the yellow paddy in Fujian, we investigated the influences of different longterm fertilization regimes on the characters of rice grain quality and the factors of soil fertility. The results show that compared with the control (No fertilization, CK), total essential amino acid contents of rice grain in the treatments of chemical fertilizer plus cattle manure (NPKM), chemical fertilizer plus straw (NPKS) and chemical fertilizer (NPK) are significantly increased by 256%, 161% and 131% respectively. Contents of coarse protein and starch are also 111-141 and 23-39 percentage points higher, respectively, with the most significant effect found in the NPKM treatment. Likewise, the N and P contents of rice grain are significantly higher in the NPKM, NPKS, NPK treatments compared with the CK, particularly with an increase of 261% and 311% in the NPKM treatment. Moreover, the Ca，Mg and S contents of rice grain in the NPKM treatment are increased as well compared with the CK treatment. The amino acid content of rice grain is significantly and positively correlated to the N, P, Mg and S contents of rice grain, and the starch content of rice grain is significantly and positively correlated to the N, Ca and S contents. Soil organic matter and nutrient availability(particularly K) are increased in the NPKM, NPKS and NPK treatments compared with the CK. Furthermore, the key fertility factors including soil organic matter, available N and available P are significantly and positively correlated with amino acid and starch contents of rice grain, and soil available N and available P are significantly and positively correlated with N content and P content of rice grain, respectively. In conclusion, the NPKM treatment is the best fertilization regime for yellow paddy fields, considering overall effects of fertilization on rice yield, grain quality and soil fertility.

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