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作 者 ：李花 葛玮健 马晓霞 黎青慧 任卫东 杨学云 张树兰

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 5期 页码：1140-1146

关键词：长期施肥；塿土；小麦dash；玉米轮作；土壤微生物量碳；土壤微生物量氮；酶活性；

Keywords:long-term fertilization, Lou soil, winter wheat and summer maize rotation, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, enzyme activity,

摘 要 ：以20年塿土小麦–玉米轮作体系长期肥料定位试验为平台，探讨不同施肥模式下土壤化学肥力要素、微生物量碳氮及酶活性的响应。试验包括不施肥（CK）、单施氮肥（N）、氮磷（NP）、磷钾（PK）、氮磷钾（NPK）、NPK+秸秆（SNPK）以及不同量有机肥+NPK（M1NPK、M2NPK）等8种施肥模式。结果表明，与CK相比，长期施用NP提高土壤有机碳含量达34.0%、全氮34.0%、全磷58.5%、速效磷608.9%、微生物量碳23.3%、微生物量氮54.0%、蔗糖酶53.9%、脲酶132.6%、碱性磷酸酶29.9%以及脱氢酶40.9%。长期施用NPK与NP效果相似，钾素效果甚微。作物秸秆还田配合氮磷钾化肥与氮磷钾相比没有明显影响土壤有机碳、氮和磷水平，但是显著提高微生物量碳的含量（29.5%）、碱性磷酸酶（23.0%）和脱氢酶（26.9%）的活性。有机肥配合氮磷钾与其它施肥处理相比，显著提升土壤化学肥力要素、微生物量碳氮和酶活性，特别是引起了磷素的大量富集（速效磷含量大于150 mg/kg）。因此，塿土不施有机物情况下，氮磷配合可以提高土壤化学和生物肥力，作物秸秆还田配合氮磷钾化肥的培肥效果优于氮磷钾化肥配合，而合理的有机无机肥配合是塿土提升化学肥力和保证生物健康的最佳施肥模式。

Abstract:Fertilizer management has significant effects on both soil chemical and biological properties. This study was designed to examine the effects of continuous fertilization, straw incorporation, and manuring on the soil chemical fertility, microbial biomass and activities of enzymes involved in mineralization of C, N, and P on a long term (20 years) field trial with winter wheat and summer maize rotation system under temperate conditions in Shaanxi of China. Treatments at the site included applications of the recommended doses of nitrogen (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), phosphorus and potassium (PK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), wheat/maize straw (S) with NPK (SNPK), dairy manure (M) with NPK (M1NPK and M2NPK) and un-amended control (CK). Compared with the CK, the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen are increased by 34.0%, 34.0%, 58.5%, 608.9%, 23.3%, and 54.0% under the long-term application of the NP, respectively, and the activities of invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase are increased by 53.9%, 132.6%, 29.9% and 40.9%. Nevertheless, the NPK has similar effects on above parameters as the NP. In comparison with the NPK, the SNPK has no significant effects on levels of soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, but considerably increases microbial biomass C (29.5%), alkalinephosphatase (23.0%) and dehydrogenase (26.9%) activities. The soils with long-term applications of MNPK have the maximum levels of soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and highest microbial biomass and enzyme activities, while, large concentration of phosphorus in MNPK soils is accumulated. It concludes that the application of the NP could enhance soil fertility in the circumstance of inorganic fertilization, the SNPK is superior to the NPK in improving soil biological health, and the MNPK is the best fertilizer management in enhancing both soil chemical and biological fertility on Lou soil.

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