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作 者 ：姜海波 赵静文 张乃文 王红 董彩霞 徐阳春

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 1期 页码：164-171

关键词：梨树；土表管理措施；根系；

Keywords:pear tree, soil surface management, root,

摘 要 ： 梨树根系在土壤中的分布状况直接影响施肥的效果，采用壕沟法研究不同土表管理措施下梨树根长、 根表面积、 根体积和不同径级根系特征指标的水平及垂直分布。结果表明， 1）梨树根系水平方向主要集中在距树干30—90 cm范围内，垂直方向主要集中在20—60 cm土层中； 2）行间种植三叶草与覆膜处理下梨树根长、 根表面积、 根体积均高于清耕对照； 3）3种土表处理下，不同径级根系间都以0~1 mm径级根长、 根数量最多，根体积最小，以1~3 mm径级根表面积最大。行间三叶草处理下总根长、 根表面积最大，根体积最小。因此建议梨树施肥在水平方向距主干30—90 cm， 垂直深度20—60 cm土层为宜，可促进梨树根系的生长，又可提高肥料利用率。

Abstract:The effectiveness of fertilization relies on the  distribution of pear tree roots in soil heavily. Excavating method  was used to study the horizontal and vertical distributions of root length,  root surface area,  root volume and root distribution characteristics of different with diameters under three different soil surface management (open, growing clover, plastic mulching). Results show that the horizontal distribution of tree roots is mainly concentrated in the 30-90 cm from the trunk,  and the vertical distribution is centralized in the 20-60 cm deep of soil layer. The root length,  root surface area and root volume for interplanting white clover and plastic mulching are higher than those of the control treatment. Under the three soil surface management,  the root length and biomass of 0-1 mm are the highest in different diameter classes,  and the root surface area of 1-3 mm is the highest. The total length and surface area of roots in the inter-planting white clover treatment are the largest,  while the root volume is the least. Based on the results,  we can recommend the fertilization in the horizontal distribution of 30-90 cm and in the vertical distribution of 20-60 cm may promote root growth of pear trees and the utilization of fertilizers.

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