摘 要 ：针对设施蔬菜传统栽培管理模式中水肥过量使用，导致水资源浪费、硝态氮淋失污染地下水、病虫害增加等问题，以山东省寿光市一年两季设施番茄传统灌溉施肥模式为对照，通过测定番茄产量和土壤硝态氮累积量以及经济和环境效益分析，研究了滴灌施肥一体化栽培管理模式对设施番茄产量和氮素表观平衡的影响。结果表明，与传统水肥管理模式相比，滴灌施肥一体化模式显著提高了番茄产量，全年增产19.6%，净收益提高33%；氮肥和灌溉用水量分别减少了80%和36%。传统水肥管理模式0—90 cm土层NO3- -N平均残留量和表观氮素盈余分别高达N 1075±51和999±61 kg /hm2，而滴灌施肥一体化模式则分别为N 572±46和-46±40 kg/hm2，大大降低了氮素淋洗和气态损失的潜在风险。
Abstract:Conventional water and fertilizer management for greenhouse vegetable crops results in soil nitrate accumulation and severe leaching, groundwater contamination and heavy occurrence of soil borne plant pathogens, which have been attributed to higher input of fertilizer and much frequent flooding irrigation. In the present study, two irrigation/fertilization systems were compared in a greenhouse experiment conducted in Shouguang, Shandong. Results showed that the fertigation with a dripper system increased production of tomato yield by 19.6%, compared with the conventional system. During a whole growing season, 36% of water and 80% of nitrogen were saved. And total economic input was 18 percent lower and net benefit reached to an increase by 33%. The nitrate accumulation in the soil profile (0–90 cm) depth was N 1075±51 kg /ha for conventional production system and N 572±46 kg/ha for dripper fertilization system, while N 999±61 and -46±40 kg/ha was not recovered and thought to be lost from the both systems respectively.