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作 者 ：宁婵娟 丁宁 吴国良 冀爱青 刘晓华 杨燕君

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 5期 页码：1109-1117

关键词：硒喷施浓度；硒喷施频率；硒含量；有机硒化程度；品质；苹果；

Keywords:Se spraying concentration, Se spraying times, selenium content, organic Se ratio, fruit quality, apple ,

摘 要 ：本试验通过叶面喷施外源硒肥、原子荧光法测定样品硒含量，研究不同硒喷施浓度对果树各部位无机硒含量、硒有机化程度及果实品质的影响，筛选红富士苹果的最佳施硒方案。结果表明， 1）在花期和幼果期叶面施硒效果较为稳定，叶片和果实中硒的有机化程度高。在接近果实着色期或采收期叶面施硒，虽然果实中总硒量较高，但硒的有机化程度较低。2）相同喷施浓度下，树体各器官硒含量顺序依次为叶＞枝＞果＞根，果树地上部分配的硒占较大比例。3）叶面喷施硒可增加果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和Vc 含量，从而改善了果实风味，但降低了果实硬度，影响其贮藏运输品质。4）红富士苹果以在5、6、7月中旬喷施 3 次100 mg/L 亚硒酸钠效果最佳，此时叶片中总硒含量为2728.30 μg/kg, FW，有机化程度达85.71%。各项果实品质指标佳，平均单果重达256.8 g。果实总硒含量为10.10 μg/kg, FW，有机化程度为87.72%。

Abstract:The suitable spraying selenium(Se) concentration, spraying times and spraying periods in ‘Red Fuji’ apple were studied, and the effect of spraying Se on the fruit quality, the Se content and the ratio of organic Se were analyzed in this experiment. The results show that Selenium stayed mostly in the above ground parts of apple trees after foliar application. The selenium content was in order of leaves > branches > fruits> roots at the same Se spraying concentration. Spraying Se during the blooming and fruit setting period, the ratio of organic Se in the total Se content was increased in leaves and fruits. Spraying at close to fruit coloring period, the organic Se ratio was relatively low in spite of the increased total Se content in fruits. Spraying Se affects the quality of fruits. Spraying Se could increase the total soluble solid, total soluble sugar and Vc of the fruit, reduce the total titratable acid, and improve fruit flavor as a result under all the spraying concentrations and times. However, the flesh firmness is reduced to some extent, thus the storage and transport quality is influenced. Comparatively, spraying Se in 100 mg/L three times in May, June and July has the best effect on the Seenriching and yield among the designed treatments for ‘Red Fuji’ apple trees. The total Se content in leaves and fruit is 2728.30  μg/kg, FW and 10.10  μg/kg, FW respectively, and the corresponding ratio of organic Se is 85.71% and 87.72%. The mean fruit weight reaches 256.8 g. Therefore, it is the safest and most effective Se foliage spraying scheme.

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