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作 者 ：仝少伟 时连辉 刘登民 姜远茂 高东升 束怀瑞 胡雨彤

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 1期 页码：110-117

关键词：有机堆肥；土壤性状；土壤微生物生物量；土壤持水量；土壤呼吸；

Keywords:organic compost, soil characteristics, soil microbial biomass, soil water retention, soil respiration,

摘 要 ：研究不同种类有机堆肥对土壤性状及微生物生物量的短期影响。采用盆栽试验的方式，探讨了施用50 g/kg 的啤酒污泥堆肥(BSC)、 牛粪堆肥(DMC)和菇渣堆肥(SMC)对土壤有机质、 氮磷钾含量、 容重、 持水性、 土壤呼吸及微生物生物量碳、 氮、 磷(SMBC、 SMBN、 SMBP)的影响。结果表明， 与对照相比，施用啤酒污泥、 牛粪和菇渣3种有机堆肥后，土壤中有机质、 全氮、 碱解氮、 有效磷、 速效钾含量显著增加，并且显著降低土壤容重和增大土壤孔隙度（P<0.05）；经过1周土壤水分的变化，CK处理的土壤水分消耗率分别是BSC、 DMC和SMC处理的1.26、 1.24、 1.14倍；BSC、 DMC和SMC处理显著提高土壤呼吸（P<0.05），半年后分别与CK相比增加了142.17%、 114.30%、 105.39%；施用啤酒污泥、 牛粪和菇渣3种有机堆肥后显著增加SMBC、 SMBN、 SMBP含量（P<0.05），6个月后，SMBC含量分别是CK 的2.35、 1.84、 1.86倍，SMBN含量分别比 CK 高135.44%、 99.16%、 90.82%，SMBP含量分别是CK 的 2.76、 2.19、 2.04倍。啤酒污泥堆肥含有活性小颗粒对土壤性状和微生物生物量的影响最为明显，其次是牛粪堆肥，菇渣堆肥表现最差。

Abstract:The objective of this experiment was to analyze the short-term effects of different organic composts on orchard soil characteristics and microbial biomass. The effects of beer sludge compost(BSC),  dairy manure compost(DMC) and spent mushroom compost(SMC) on soil organic matter,  NPK content,  bulk density,  moisture content,  soil respiration,  microbial biomass C,  N and P (SMBC, SMBN and SMBP) in soil were studied using the pot experiment. The application amount of organic composts was about 50 g/kg. The results showed that compared to CK,  the beer sludge,  dairy manure and spent mushroom composts obviously decreased bulk density and increased soil porosities（P<0.05）. The soil water consumption rate of CK was significantly higher than those of  BSC,  DMC and SMC during one week（P<0.05）and was about 1.26 times of BSC,  1.24 times of DMC and 1.14 times of SMC respectively. The soil water absorption and water retention were obviously improved after applying the organic composts. The soil respiration amounts of BSC,  DMC and SMC were significantly improved（P<0.05） and were increased by 142.17%,  114.30% and 105.39% respectively compared to CK after half a year. The three organic composts could increase the contents of SMBC,  SMBN and SMBP  significantly after six months（P<0.05）,  the contents of SMBC were about 2.35,  1.84,  1.86 times of that of CK respectively,  the contents of SMBN were increased by 135.44%,  99.16%,  90.82% compared to CK,  and the contents of SMBP were 2.76,  2.19,  2.04 times of that of CK respectively. The study showed that BSC was the best treatment for soil respiration,  microbial biomass and others  because of its active granules,  the second was DMC,  and SMC was the worst.

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