作 者 ：王 乾 王康才 郑晨曦 朱碧春 王艺霖 杨嘉伟 王 伟
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 4期 页码：1038-1043
Keywords:Pinellia pedatisecta Schott., antioxidant enzyme, active ingredient,
摘 要 ：【目的】本文利用盆栽试验，探讨了不同铵态氮、 硝态氮供应比例对掌叶半夏生长、 相关生理指标及块茎中主要活性成分含量的影响，以期为掌叶半夏的合理施肥、 科学种植提供技术依据。【方法】盆栽试验以蛭石为栽培基质，以掌叶半夏为试验材料，采用不同铵态氮、 硝态氮比例处理，分析不同铵硝比例处理下掌叶半夏叶片中抗氧化保护酶（SOD、 CAT）， 叶片、 块茎中氮代谢关键酶（NR）的活性及块茎中次生代谢产物（MDA、 硝酸盐及主要活性成分）的含量变化。【结果】 1）叶片鲜重、 块茎鲜重及总叶绿素含量总体均随铵态氮比例的升高而呈逐渐增加趋势，其中在全铵营养下，块茎鲜重和总叶绿素含量均达到最高值。2）随着铵态氮比例的升高，植株叶片中SOD、 CAT酶活性呈先升高后降低趋势； 当铵硝比为50∶50时，SOD、 CAT酶活性最高，此时，叶片中NO-3-N含量也达到最高。3）在全铵营养或全硝营养下，MDA含量均高于其他处理； 当铵硝比为50∶50时，MDA累积量最低。4）在全硝营养下，叶片、 块茎中的NR活性均达到最高值，同处理水平下叶片中NR活性要高于块茎； 并且随着铵态氮比例的增加叶片中NR活性呈逐渐降低的趋势，而块茎中的NR活性则呈逐渐增加的趋势。5）块茎中主要活性成分的累积更依赖于两种氮素的配施作用，在较高的铵态氮配施处理下（75∶25时），总生物碱、 总有机酸及腺苷的积累量均取得最高值。【结论】适宜比例的铵硝配比可以促进掌叶半夏生长及产量的形成，其促进效果也显著高于全硝营养； 当铵硝比为50∶50时，其植物体内的相关酶活性也达到最高，说明适宜的铵硝配比能减轻膜质过氧化对植株细胞膜造成的损伤； 同时，较高的NH+4-N也有利于块茎中主要活性成分的积累，尤以铵硝比为75∶25时，累积效果最显著。
Abstract:【Objectives】The effect of different ratios of ammonium to nitrate supply on Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. growth related to physiological indicators and main active ingredient content in tubers were investigated in order to provide the technical basis for Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. rational fertilization. 【Methods】A pot experiment with vermiculite growing media to Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. as test material was conducted. Different ammonium to nitrate ratios in the growing media are designed, the antioxidant protective enzymes (SOD, CAT) activity of leaves, the nitrogen metabolism (NR) activity in leaves and tubers and the content of secondary metabolites (MDA, nitrate, the main active ingredient) of tubers are measured. 【Results】 1）With the increasing of proportion of ammonium nitrogen, leaf fresh weight, tuber fresh weight and total chlorophyll content increased gradually in the overall trend. Tuber fresh weight and total chlorophyll content in total ammonium nutrition reached the highest value. 2）With the increase of the proportion of ammonium nitrogen, the activity of SOD, CAT and NR in leaves increased at beginning then decreased, the highest activity of SOD, CAT and the content of NO-3-N appeared with the ratio (50∶50) of ammonium to nitrate. 3）In total ammonium or total nitrate nutrition, MDA levels were higher than other treatments; with the ratio (50∶50) of ammonium to nitrate MDA accumulation was the lowest. 4）In total nitrate supply treatment, the NR activity in leaves, tubers reached the highest value, NR activity in leaves was higher than tubers. With the increase of the proportion of ammonium nitrogen, NR activity in leaves decreased gradually. However, NR activity in the tubers increased. 5）Cumulative main active ingredient in tubers depended on the two nitrogen fertilizers effects, the highest value achieved under the accumulation of total alkaloids, total organic acids and adenosine with a higher ratio of ammonium nitrogen treatment(75∶25).【Conclusions】Nitrogen as an essential nutrient for plant growth, nitrogen levels directly affected the growth and quality of plants. The trial found that a suitable proportion of ammonium nitrate ratio could promote the formation of the growth and yield of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott,, the promoting effect was significantly higher than the total nitrate nutrition. With ammonium nitrate ratio of 50∶50, the highest enzyme activity in plants indicates that the appropriate ratio of ammonium to nitrate can reduce the damage of the plant cell membrane lipid peroxidation; while higher NH+4-N is beneficial to the accumulation of the main active ingredient of tubers, especially for ammonium nitrate ratio of 75∶25, the cumulative effect is most significant.
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