作 者 ：汪 灿 王诗雪 李 曼 杨 浩 胡 丹 阮仁武 袁晓辉 易泽林
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 4期 页码：1021-1029
Keywords:Fagopyrum esculentum, seeding rate, fertilizer, photosynthetic characteristics, yield,
摘 要 ：【目的】甜荞起源于中国，具有很高的营养、 药用及保健品质，已成为21世纪人类的绿色食品之一。目前，甜荞从国内市场到外贸出口都比较紧缺，且产量较低。因此，本试验研究播种量和施肥水平对春播西大花荞净光合速率、 叶绿素含量及产量的影响，确定甜荞的最佳栽培措施。【方法】以西大花荞为材料，采用四因素五水平的二次通用旋转组合设计，研究播种量和施肥水平对春播甜荞净光合速率、 叶绿素含量及产量的影响。试验因素为播种量、 氮肥、 磷肥、 钾肥，于2012年3月6月和2013年3月6月在西南大学歇马科研基地进行田间试验。小区面积10 m2（2 m × 5 m），重复3次，随机区组排列，行距33 cm，种植6行，试验地四周播种3行保护行。于盛花期一晴天的9: 3011: 30之间在各小区的中间条带随机选择3株植株，用LI-6400 XT光合仪和SPAD 502叶绿素仪测定其倒数第3片功能叶的净光合速率和叶绿素含量（SPAD值），待籽粒70%~80%成熟后对每个小区进行单独收获，脱粒风干后称重、 计产。采用Microsoft Excel 2003和SPSS 19统计软件进行统计分析，用Surfer 8软件作两因子互作效应的等值线图。【结果】产量与净光合速率和叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关； 播种量和钾肥对产量有显著影响，随播种量和施钾量的增加，产量表现为先升后降的趋势； 播种量、 氮肥、 钾肥对净光合速率和叶绿素含量均有显著影响，净光合速率和叶绿素含量随播种量、 施氮量、 施钾量的增加均表现为先升后降的趋势。在研究的4个因素中，施氮水平、 施钾水平以及与播种量之间的交互作用对产量有显著影响； 播种量与施氮水平之间的交互作用对净光合速率有显著影响； 播种量与施氮水平之间、 施氮水平与施磷水平之间的交互作用对叶绿素含量有显著影响。4个因素与净光合速率、 叶绿素含量及产量间的回归关系极显著，拟合程度较高，可用于实际生产预测。使西大花荞产量、 净光合速率和叶绿素含量最大的农艺方案为播种量37.5 kg/hm2、 施N 17.25 kg/hm2、 施P2O5 46.8 kg/hm2、 施K2O 52.5 kg/hm2，预期产量为1656.16 kg/hm2，净光合速率为16.46 μmol/(m2·s)，叶绿素含量（SPAD值）为55.34。【结论】播种量、 氮、 磷、 钾及其相互作用对西大花荞产量、 净光合速率、 叶绿素含量有一定影响。产量与净光合速率和叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关； 在本试验条件下，推荐西大花荞的最佳农艺方案为播种量37.5 kg/hm2、 施N 17.25 kg/hm2、 施P2O5 46.8 kg/hm2、 施K2O 52.50 kg/hm2，预期产量为1656.16 kg/hm2，净光合速率为16.46 μmol/(m2·s)，叶绿素含量（SPAD值）为55.34。
Abstract:【Objectives】Fagopyrum esculentum originated in China，and has the higher nutritional, medicinal and health care quality, and has been one of the most popular green functional foods in the 21th century. At present, Fagopyrum esculentum having lower yields is relatively scarce both in the domestic market and abroad exportation market. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide the best cultivation measures for Fagopyrum esculentum by investigating the effects of seeding rate and fertilizer on net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and yield of a Fagopyrum esculentum cultivar, Xidahuaqiao, which is usually planted in spring. 【Methods】Xidahuaqiao was used to investigate the effects of seeding rate and fertilizer on net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and yield by using the quadratic general rotary unitized design, and the seeding rate, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash were defined as experimental factors. The field experiments were respectively conducted from March to June in 2012 and in 2013 at the Xiema experimental station of Southwest University located at Beibei city, Chongqing municipality, China. The field experiments were the randomized block design with three replications, and the individual plot had 10 m2 area with 2 m width × 5 m length, and included 6 rows by spacing 33 cm, and surrounded by 3 guard rows. The reciprocal third functional leaf of three plants in the middle stripe was randomly selected to measure the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (SPAD) between am 9: 30 and 11: 30 at a sunny day of full-bloom stage by using photosynthetic apparatus LI-6400 XT and chlorophyll meter SPAD 502, respectively. Grain in each plot was harvested separately at the stage with 70%-80% mature grain, and then threshing, air drying and calculating yield. Data of each indicator were analyzed separately using Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 19, and the contour map of interaction of two factors was drawn by Surfer 8. 【Results】The yield is significantly and positively correlated with the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. The effects of the seeding rate and potassium level on yield are significant, and the yield has a trend experiencing increase to decrease with the increases of the seeding rate and potassium level. The effects of the seeding rate, the levels of nitrogen and potassium on net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content are significant, and the yield exhibits a trend from rising to declining with the increases of the seeding rates and nitrogen and/or potassium levels. The interaction between the nitrogen or potassium levels and the seeding rate have significant effects on the yield, and the interactions between the potassium level and the seeding rate as well as the interaction between the seeding rate and the nitrogen level have great effect on the net photosynthetic rate. The interactions between the seeding rate and the nitrogen level as well as the interactions between the nitrogen level and the phosphate level have significant effects on the chlorophyll content. The results of the multivariate quadratic analysis indicate that the generated regression models based on the levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, the seeding rate and the yield, the net photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content can be used for forecasting production of Xidahuaqiao. The recommended cultivation conditions for Xidahuaqiao include 37.5 kg/ha for seeding rate, 17.25 kg/ha for nitrogen level, 46.8 kg/ha for P2O5 and 52.5 kg/ha for K2O, and the chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate and yield are expected at 55.34, 16.46 μmol/(m2·s) and 1656.16 kg/ha, respectively. 【Conclusions】The seeding rate, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash and their interactions have a certain influence on the yield, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (SPAD) of Xidahuaqiao. The yield is significantly and positively correlated with the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. Based on this experiment，the cultivation conditions for Xidahuaqiao are recommended by 37.5 kg/ha for seeding rate, 17.25 kg/ha for nitrogen, 46.8 kg/ha for P2O5, 52.5 kg/ha for K2O, and the expected chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate and yield are 55.34, 16.46 μmol/(m2·s) and 1656.16 kg/ha, respectively.
全 文 ：