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作 者 ：肖列 薛萐 刘国彬

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 4期 页码：964-971

关键词：黄土丘陵区；梯田果园；土壤水分亏缺；补偿与恢复；

Keywords:Loess hilly region, terraced orchard, soil water deficit, compensation and rehabilitation,

摘 要 ： 在干旱半干旱地区，土壤水分是影响作物生长和植被恢复的重要生态因子。采用土钻法对黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域坡耕地、 梯田和梯田果园20032010年雨季前后的土壤水分状况进行了连续测定，旨在明确梯田种植果树后对土壤水分的长期动态效应，为黄土丘陵区梯田果园的可持续发展提供指导意义。结果表明， 坡改梯措施可明显减小0—300 cm土层土壤储水量增量的年际变异，提高土壤含水量，减小土壤储水亏缺度，增大降雨对100—300 cm土层土壤储水亏缺补偿度；梯田果园化后0—300 cm土层土壤储水量增量的年际变异呈现较大幅度的波动， 200 cm以下土壤含水量明显减小，土壤储水亏缺度增大，土壤储水亏缺补偿度由20% 降为－10%。由此可见，梯田的蓄水保水量不足以供给果树的蒸腾耗水量，梯田果园化后将导致土壤水分的持续减少，可能导致土壤干层的形成。

Abstract:Soil water is an important factor for affecting plant growth and development in the arid and semiarid areas. In order to study interannual dynamics and the compensation characteristics of soil water deficit of terraced orchards, the present study investigated the soil water contents of slope croplands, terraced croplands and terraced orchards in later April and in later October from 2003 to 2010 in the loess hilly and gully regions. The results show that the terraced croplands can significantly decrease the interannual variation of soil water storages in the 0-300 cm soil layer, improve the soil water content, and decrease the water storage deficit. The soil water storages in the 0-300 cm soil layer of the terraced orchards are significantly fluctuated interannually, the soil water contents are decreased remarkably below 200 cm and the water deficit is raised, and the compensation of the water deficit is dropped from 20% to -10%. In conclusion, the water storage in the terraces can not offer enough water to balance the water consumption of plants for evaporation, and the terraced orchards can result in a reduction of soil water and finally lead to a soil dry layer.

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