作 者 ：杜强 李朝周 秦舒浩 张俊莲 白江平 刘玉汇 王丽 余斌 杨宏羽 王蒂
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 6期 页码：1502-1509
Keywords:CaCl2 concentration, yield, quality, physiological disorder,
摘 要 ： 利用MS培养液研究了不同浓度氯化钙对马铃薯试管薯的产量、 质量、 薯内钙含量及生理病害的影响。结果表明，MS培养液中不添加钙时，试管薯的结薯数量、 薯重及大薯率大幅度降低，没有＞100 mg 的试管薯，薯表面出现明显的黄褐色粗糙斑块，个别薯块现水浸状腐烂，腐烂率2.21%。薯内干物质、 淀粉、 可溶性糖和蛋白质含量也较正常钙用量下分别降低了36.8%、 41.39%、 10.7%.和.39.43%，丙二醛含量上升。4℃下贮藏6个月，薯皮失水皱缩严重，平均病害率达53.77%；室温下放置3周，发芽率25.53%，芽生长缓慢；MS 培养液中添加不同浓度的氯化钙，茎段结薯数和薯重随钙浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势，大薯率和薯皮表面光泽度呈上升趋势，与正常钙水平相比，薯重增加了2.7%~47.86%、 结薯数增加了-11.49%~22.64%、 大薯率14.43%~26.08%。薯内干物质、 淀粉、 可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的变化均随钙浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势，并较正常钙用量下增加了4.43%~8.62%（干物质）、 6.79%~16.49%（淀粉）、 3.89%~6.31%（可溶性糖）和 4.63%~8.29%（蛋白质）。薯内钙含量大幅度上升，平均值为177~267 μg/g（最高值为9 mmol/L处理），薯皮光滑无水浸状腐烂。4℃下贮藏6个月，薯皮正常，生理病害率随薯内钙含量升高呈下降趋势，病害率为1%~8.9%，决定系数R2=0.3812，且试管薯芽的萌发和生长能力正常。确定MS培养液中添加 9 mmol/L CaCl2是“新大坪”品种试管薯数量和质量的最优处理。
Abstract:This study determined the microtuber yield, quality, calcium content and physiological disorder of potato in response to the various concentrations of CaCl2. Potato was cultivated in the liquid MS medium with various concentrations of CaCl2. The MS medium with zero calcium reduces the number of microtubers, tuber weight and the percent of large tubers. With the calciumfree medium, no microtubers larger than 100 mg are found, their tuber skin is yellowish brown plaques, and some tubers exhibits water-soaked decay with decay rate being 2.21%. The dry weight, starch, soluble sugar and protein contents in the microtubers cultured in the calciumfree medium are decreased by 36.8%, 41.39%, 10.7% and 39.43%, respectively, while the malonaldehyde content is increased. After being stored for six months under 4 ℃, the tuber skin shows the sign of dehydration, with physiological disorder averaging 53.77%. When stored at room temperature for three weeks, the germination rate is only 25.53% with a slow growth. With the addition of calcium to the MS medium, the number of microtubers per stem and tuber weight are increased with the increase of calcium concentrations and then decreased at higher concentrations. The percent of large tubers and the tuber skin glossiness are increased with the increase of calcium concentrations. Compared to the microtubers grown in the standard MS medium, the dry matter of microtubers in the higher calcium medium is increased by 4.43%-8.62%, the starch content is increased by 6.79%-16.49%, the soluble sugar content is increased by 2.7%-47.9%, and protein concentration is increased by 4.63%-8.29%. Average tuber calcium content is increased significantly, reaching the range from 177 μg/g to 267 μg/g, and the tuber skin does not show the sign of decay. After being stored for six months under 4℃, the tuber skin is normal, and the physiological disorder rate is reduced to 1%-8.9% with the increase of calcium concentration, and the coefficient of determination is 0.3812. Calcium concentrations do not affect the germination ability and bud growth. We conclude that the addition of 9 mmol/L of CaCl2 in the MS medium is the best practice for the potato cultivar ‘Xindaping’ to improve its yield and quality.
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