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作 者 ：刘飞 张民 诸葛玉平 李倩 刘东雪 王建

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 6期 页码：1351-1358

关键词：控释肥；土壤养分；垂直分布；养分利用率；

Keywords:controlled-release fertilizer, soil nutrient, vertical distribution, nutrient use efficiency,

摘 要 ：通过马铃薯玉米套作田间小区试验，研究了控释肥对土壤养分垂直分布及养分利用率的影响。结果表明，与普通肥料相比，两种控释氮肥提高了耕层土壤速效氮含量，显著降低了氮素淋失，使耕层以下土层的硝态氮含量平均减少28.60%，氮肥表观利用率平均提高了16.32%，也在一定程度上抑制了磷、钾的淋失，分别平均减少5.72%和7.03%，使磷、钾的利用率分别平均提高8.67%和10.01%。控释肥减量处理（80%常规量）与常规量控释肥处理相比，没有显著降低耕层土壤养分含量，并使耕层以下速效养分含量降低，养分利用率提高，其中硝态氮含量减少14.36%，氮肥表观利用率提高了10.22%，因此该处理为本试验中的最优处理。

Abstract:Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer on the vertical distribution of soil nutrients and nutrient use efficiencies under the potato and maize relay cropping system. The results indicate that the contents of the soil available N are increased and the leaching amounts of soil available N are significantly decreased under the application of the controlled-release fertilizers. The average content of soil NO3-N under the arable soil layers is decreased by 28.60%, while the apparent recovery efficiency of the applied N is increased by 16.32% in average. Furthermore, the P and K leaching amounts are inhibited to a certain degree, which are decreased by 5.72% and 7.03% respectively in average. As a result, the P and K efficiencies are increased by 8.67% and 10.01% correspondingly. Compared with the conventional treatment of the controlled-release fertilization, the nutrient contents in the arable soil are not significantly decreased under the reduction treatment (80% of the convention treatment). On the contrary, the available nutrient contents in the arable soil are decreased, for example, the content of NO3-N is decreased by 14.36%, and the nutrient use efficiencies are significantly increased, such as the apparent recovery efficiency of applied N is increased by 10.22%. Therefore, the reduction treatment is the optimal treatment based on this experiment. So it was the optimal treatment based on this experiment.

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