---

作 者 ：党红凯 李瑞奇 李雁鸣 张馨文 孙亚辉

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2012年 18卷 3期 页码：531-541

关键词：超高产；冬小麦；磷；吸收；积累；分配；

Keywords:supper-highly yielding, winter wheat, phosphorus, absorption, accumulation, distribution,

摘 要 ：为明确超高产栽培条件下（≥9000 kg/hm²）冬小麦的磷素营养规律，为合理施肥提供研究依据，于20042006年冬小麦生长期间，通过田间取样，分器官测定磷素含量，研究了超高产冬小麦对磷的吸收、积累和分配特点。结果表明：在产量水平为9000 kg/hm²左右的条件下，不同品种各器官中的含磷量及全生育期中磷的总积累量存在一定差异，但一般不显著，显示出不同品种磷素营养特点的共性特征。地上部不同器官的含磷量（P₂O₅，下同）为0.25%～2.32%（干重）。不同生育时期含磷量最高的器官随生育进程逐渐更替，生育早期为叶鞘，中期为茎秆和穗，后期为籽粒。不同品种小麦各器官对磷的积累量，生育前期一般以叶片中最高，生育后期以籽粒中最高。小麦吸收的磷在孕穗期前主要分配在叶片中，多数品种在50%以上。成熟期磷在籽粒中的分配率最高，各品种均达到60%以上。在本研究的超高产栽培条件和产量水平下，冬小麦全生育期地上部器官中磷的最高积累量为110.8～151.4 kg/hm²，每生产100 kg籽粒吸收磷素1.25～1.66 kg。各品种对磷吸收量最高的阶段，一般都在起身到开花期之间，其次是在冬前的苗期。这表明，冬前和起身到开花期是冬小麦吸收磷的关键时期。根据上述磷的吸收积累特点，在确定施肥方案时，磷肥应以底肥为主，以促进小麦生长和对磷的吸收。

Abstract:In order to clarify the characteristics of phosphorus absorption, accumulation and distribution in winter wheat cultivated under superhighly yielding (≥9000 kg/ha) conditions, a field experiment was conducted in Gaocheng County, Hebei Province from 2004-2006 Four winter wheat cultivars, Shimai 14, Shimai 12, Jifeng 703, and Shixin 828 in 2004-2005 crop year, and four cultivars, Temai 1, Shimai 12, Shixin 531 and Shixin 828 in 2005-2006 crop year, were selected as experimental materials. The growing area for each cultivar is 1 hectare, and is divided into three subplots of 3333 m2 as three replications. Plant materials were collected from the plots at each growing stage for phosphorus concentration determination in laboratory. The main results show that the concentrations of phosphorus in various aboveground organs, and the total accumulation amounts of phosphorus during the growing period for different wheat cultivars are different, but usually insignificant, showing similar characteristics of phosphorus nutrition for different cultivars with the yield 9000 kg/ha or higher. The concentrations of phosphorus (P₂O₅, the same as follows) in various aboveground organs of wheat are in the range of 0.25% to 2.32% (dry weight). The organs with the highest phosphorus concentration are different during the growing and development process, leaf sheaths at early period, stems and spikes at the middle period, and grains at the late period. For almost all cultivars, the highest accumulation amounts of phosphorus are in leaf blades at the early growing period, but in grains at the late period among all aboveground organs. At the prebooting period, the phosphorus absorbed by wheat plants is mainly distributed in leaf blades, where the distribution percentage is more than 50% for most cultivars. At maturity, however, the distribution percentage of phosphorus in grains is more than 60% for all cultivars, higher than those in other organs. Under the conditions of the superhighly yielding cultivation and yield levels of this study, the highest total accumulation amounts of phosphorus in aboveground organs of wheat during its life span are ranged from 110.8 to 151.4 kg/ha, and the phosphorus amounts needed for the formation of 100 kg grain yield are ranged from 1.25 to 1.66 kg. The period with the highest phosphorus absorption is generally from erecting stage to anthesis, and then prewinter seedling period. This demonstrates that the prewinter period and the period from erecting stage to anthesis are the key periods for phosphorus absorption. According to the characteristics of phosphorus absorption and accumulation, phosphorus should be applied as basal dressing, so as to accelerate the early growth and phosphorus absorption of wheat.

---