摘 要 ：通过模拟试验，研究了旱地翻压箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）、苕子（Vicia villosa Roth. Var.）和山黧豆（Lathyrus palustris l. Var. Pilosus ledeb）三种绿肥对土壤肥力特性的影响。试验结果表明，在绿肥翻压腐解过程中，土壤pH（原始pH值为5.95）均呈现出先升高后降低最后趋于平缓的趋势，在翻压0～25 d内高于不翻压绿肥对照，之后始终低于对照。翻压绿肥处理的土壤有机碳含量均高于对照，增幅为1.6%～6.2%。土壤无机氮含量显著高于对照，无机氮形态0～20 d以铵态氮为主，30～70 d以硝态氮为主，翻压70 d时，硝态氮含量较对照增加了15倍以上。翻压绿肥后土壤速效磷的含量均高于对照，增幅为11.9%～37.7%。翻压绿肥的土壤速效钾含量在翻压15 d时达最高且均比对照增加1.5倍以上。不同绿肥对土壤养分特性的影响不同，山黧豆处理的土壤pH变化幅度最大，土壤有机碳和无机氮含量最高，箭筈豌豆处理的土壤速效钾和速效磷含量最高。本试验条件下，三种绿肥翻压均能够改变土壤pH值，提高土壤硝态氮和速效钾含量，土壤有机碳和速效磷含量略有增加。
Abstract:There are many winter fallow fields in south of China, which can be used to plant green manure crops. Returning the green manure to farmland has been practiced for the agricultural sustainable development. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of turning over Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), Chinese trumpet creeper (Vicia villosa Roth. Var.) and Lathyrus quinquenervius (Lathyrus palustris l. Var. Pilosus ledeb) on the dynamic of soil physical and chemical properties. The green manure was plowed over in the dry land, then the soil sample was collected periodically. The soil pH, organic carbon, total N, nitrate N, ammonium N, available P, available K were detected. The results showed that compared to control soil, the soil pH in the treatments with green manure in the first 25 days was higher than control soil’s while lower during other days; Organic carbon increased by 1.6%–6.2%; Mineral N was increased significantly; Ammonium N was the dominate form between 0–20 days, but nitrate N became the dominate form between 30–70 days. The available P content was also increased by 11.9%–37.7%. The soil available K was increased 1.5 times with the application of green manure. The influence of these three kinds of green manures was not consistent on the soil, the organic carbon and mineral nitrogen content was highest in the soil treated with lathyrus quinquenervius, while the highest soil available potassium and available phosphorus were observed in the treatment with common vetch. Under this experiment condition, plowing down the three kinds of green manure application on soil could change soil pH, increase soil nitrate N and available K content, slightly increase organic carbon and available P content.