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作 者 ：党红凯, 李瑞奇, 孙亚辉, 张馨文, 孟建, 刘红彬, 李雁鸣

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 3期 页码：575-583

关键词：超高产；冬小麦；锰；吸收；积累；分配；

Keywords:super-high-yielding, winter wheat, manganese(Mn), absorption, accumulation, distribution,

摘 要 ：2004～2006年冬小麦生长期间，通过田间取样研究了超高产 (≥9000 kg/hm²) 栽培条件下冬小麦对锰的吸收、积累和分配特点。结果表明，地上部不同器官的含锰量为11.5～137.7 mg/kg（干重）。叶片的含锰量在生育期间始终最高，开花后穗部和子粒的含锰量也较高。小麦各器官对锰的积累量，生育前期以叶片中最高，生育后期以子粒最高。各品种全株的锰积累量均随生育进程而增加，在开花后10 d 到成熟期达到最大值 865.5～1350.0 g/hm²。冬前、开花期和成熟期对锰的累进吸收百分率分别约为 12%、 80%和100%。小麦吸收的锰在孕穗期前主要分配在叶片中，达50%以上； 成熟期锰在整个穗部（颖壳和子粒）的分配达50%以上。全生育期小麦对锰的阶段吸收量和日吸收量均为双峰曲线，第一个峰在冬前，第二个峰在起身到开花期。说明冬前和生育中期是超高产冬小麦吸收锰的关键阶段，应通过播种前浸、拌种与生育中期叶面喷施相结合，保证关键吸收阶段充足的锰供应。

Abstract:In order to clarify the characteristics of manganese (Mn) absorption, accumulation and distribution in winter wheat cultivated under super-high-yielding (≥9000 kg/ha) conditions, a field experiment was conducted in Gaocheng County, Hebei Province during 2004-2006. Six winter wheat cultivars, SM14, SM12, JF703 and SX828 during 2004-2005, and TM1, SM12, SX531 and SX828 during 2005-2006, were used as experimental materials. The growing area for each cultivar was 1 hectare, divided into three subplots of 3333 m² as three replications. Plant samples were collected from the plots at each growing stage for Mn concentration determination in laboratory. The main results showed that, the concentrations of Mn in various above-ground organs of wheat ranged from 11.5 to 137.7 mg/kg. The concentration of Mn in leaf blades was always the highest among all organs during the growing period, with the order of leaf blade ≥ leaf sheath > stem > spike from pre-winter to the booting stage, while the order of leaf blade > spike≥ grain >leaf sheath≈ stem from the anthesis to maturity stages. Among all above-ground organs, the highest accumulation amounts of Mn were in leaf blades during early growing period, but in grains during late period. The accumulation amounts of Mn in the whole plants of all cultivars were increased with growing process, and reached to the maximum values 865.5-1350.0 g/ha during ten days after anthesis to maturity. The accumulative percentages of Mn by wheat plants were about 12%, 80%, and 100% of the total accumulation at pre-winter, anthesis and maturity respectively. During the pre-booting period, the Mn absorbed by wheat plants was mainly distributed in leaf blades and sheaths, especially in blades, where the distribution percentage was higher than 50%. At maturity, however, the distribution percentage of Mn in spikes was higher than 50%, which was higher than those in other organs. The phasic and daily absorption amounts of Mn by wheat plants during their growing periods were all in double peak curves. The first peak with a lower peak value occurred before winter, and the second with a higher peak value occurred during the middle growing period from the double ridge to anthesis. These results demonstrate that, pre-winter and middle growing periods are the key periods of Mn absorption by super-high-yielding winter wheat. The supply of Mn for these key absorption periods should be satisfied by presowing seed soaking or mixing and foliar application during the middle growing period.

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