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作 者 ：韩晓日;郭鹏程;陈恩凤;邹德乙;娄春荣

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 1998年 4卷 1期 页码：29-36

关键词：棕壤；固定态铵；有效性；长期施肥；

摘 要 ：棕壤连续13年定位试验表明，长期施用化肥或低量有机肥对土壤固定态接含量均无显著影响;而施用高量有机肥区固定态接含量比试验前平均增加30.2％。这部分增加的固定态按主要来自土壤有机氮矿化补充。施肥后固定态铵的净增加量超过作物施氮量是土壤激发效应的结果。土壤原有固定态铵含量在113～116mg／kg，对作物无效，而新固定态按时作物有效。生长季耕层土壤固定态铵总释放量（N）对照区为43kg／hm²，化肥区平均为110kg／hm²;有机肥与化肥配合区平均为165kg／hm²。施钾对固定态铵的释放有一定抑制作用。

Abstract:The results of 13 Years long-term field experiment on Shenyang brown earth showed that application of chemical fertilizers alone or low amount organic manure had little effect on the content of fixed NH₄⁺ in soil. However, the continuous application of high amount organic manure increased the content of fixed NH4 in soil significantly. In all high amount organic manure plots the content of flxed NH₄⁺ increased by 30. 2% in average after 13 years. The freshly fixed NH₄⁺ came mainly from the mineralization of organic nitrogen in soil. The net increase of fixed NH₄⁺ after fertilization was more than the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. It was the resul of priming effect of soil nitrogen. The content of fixed NH₄⁺ in soil varied greatly in a growing season due to uptake by crops and mineralization of soil organic nitrogen. During the growth period of soybean the total amount of fixed NH₄⁺ released from 0～20cm layer in CK, chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure plots reached up to N 43. 110 and 165kg/hm², respectively. This showed that the release of fixed NH₄⁺ offered a main available nitrogen source for crops.

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