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作 者 ：巨晓棠1;潘家荣1;2;刘学军1;张福锁1

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2003年 9卷 3期 页码：264-270

关键词：冬小麦；夏玉米；氮素去向；15N；

Keywords:winterwheat, summermaize, fateofnitrogen, 15N,

摘 要 ：采用田间微区¹⁵N示踪试验研究了肥料氮在冬小麦、夏玉米当季和后茬的去向。结果表明 ,在供试土壤的肥力水平和生产条件下 ,N 120kg/hm² 的施肥水平已经达到了较高产量 ,再增加氮肥施用量作物产量不再增加 ;其氮肥利用率和残留率均显著高于施氮量为N 360kg/hm²,损失率则远低于后者 ;在一季作物生长后仍有 20.9%～48.4%肥料氮残留于 0～100cm土层 ,这些残留的肥料氮在后茬的利用率不足 8% ,至施肥后第 2或第 3茬作物 ,仍有部分肥料氮残留于土壤。在低施氮量时 ,肥料氮以NO₃^--N残留的量很低 ,在高施氮量时 ,残留氮除以有机态、微生物态氮形式存在外 ,以NO₃^--N形式存在的比例也很高 ;在氮素损失途径中 ,淋洗损失可能占有相当重要的地位。

Abstract:The fate of nitrogen fertilizer in current crop and succession crops in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system were studied using field ¹⁵N micro-plot. The results showed that crop yield would not increase when nitrogen application rate was above N 120kg /hm². The recovery rate and residual rate of N 120 kg /hm² were much higher than those of N 360 kg /hm², but losses rate of N 120 kg /hm² was much lower than that of N 360 kg /hm². The residual rate in 0-100cm was 20.9%-48.4% after current crop harvest, the recovery rate of residual nitrogen fertilizer was less than 8%. There still had some residue nitrogen fertilizer after second or third crop harvest; the residual nitrogen fertilizer had much proportion of NO₃^--N with high application rate. Nitrogen leaching may play an important role in nitrogen losses.

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